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在一定的上下文中,有些英語定語從句若從其含義或與主句之間的邏輯關系上分析,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其功能并非是限定或修飾先行詞,而是相當于狀語,或是說明原因、條件、結果、 目的、讓步等關系,或是與主句形成對比,還有可能是對主句中的內容加以評論。因此,在翻譯時應透過表面形式弄淸其真正含義和邏輯關系,然后相應地譯成各種漢語偏正復句或并列句,同時對原有語序以及連接從句的關系代詞也作相應的調整。通過對比下列分類例句原文和譯文中帶下劃線的部分,我們基本上可以了解進行定語從句轉換的依據(jù)和方法。
1. 轉換成原因狀語
例1. You can mass-produce incredible quantities of facts and figures. You cannot mass-produce knowledge, which is created by individual minds, drawing on individual experience, separating the significant from the irrelevant.
你可以大批制造數(shù)量驚人的事實與數(shù)字,但不可能大批生產(chǎn)知識,因為知識是個人頭腦憑借個人經(jīng)驗,經(jīng)過去偽存真后創(chuàng)造出來的。
例2. The only two major developing countries to be spared a crisis were India and China,both of which had resisted capital market liberalization.
只有兩個主要發(fā)展中國家幸免于危機,因為這兩個國家都抵制了資本市場自由化。
2. 轉換成條件狀語
例3. They amounted to near twenty thousand pounds, which to pay would have ruined me.
其總數(shù)幾乎達兩萬英鎊,假如讓我賠償,我非傾家蕩產(chǎn)不可。
3. 轉換成目的狀語
例4. Chinese trade delegations have been sent to African countries, who will negotiate trade agreements with the respective governments.
中國派出一些貿易代表團出訪非洲各國,以便同有關政府洽談貿易協(xié)議。
例5. Unfortunately,every country in the world has trade barriers which are designed to protect its economy against international market forces.
遺憾的是,世界各國都設置了貿易壁壘,以保護本國經(jīng)濟免受國際市場力量的沖擊。