中國制定了民族區(qū)域自治法，實行民族區(qū)域自治制度，充分尊重和保障各少數(shù)民族管理本民族內(nèi)部事務(wù)的權(quán)利，依法保障各少數(shù)民族的合法權(quán)益。目前，依據(jù)憲法和法律，中國共建立了155個民族自治地方，包括5個自治區(qū)、30個自治州、120個自治縣(旗)。此外，還建立了1100多個民族鄉(xiāng)。根據(jù)憲法和民族區(qū)域自治法的規(guī)定，民族自治地方擁有廣泛的自治權(quán)。一是自主管理本民族、本地區(qū)的內(nèi)部事務(wù)。民族自治地方的人民代表大會常務(wù)委員會中，都有實行區(qū)域自治的民族的公民擔任主任或者副主任；自治區(qū)主席、自治州州長、自治縣縣長全部由實行區(qū)域自治的民族的公民擔任。二是民族自治地方的人民代表大會有權(quán)依照當?shù)孛褡宓恼巍⒔?jīng)濟和文化的特點，制定自治條例和單行條例，并可以依照當?shù)孛褡宓奶攸c，依法對法律和行政法規(guī)的規(guī)定作出變通規(guī)定。截至2011年8月底，民族自治地方共制定現(xiàn)行有效的自治條例和單行條例780多部。三是使用和發(fā)展本民族語言文字。中國55個少數(shù)民族中，53個民族有自己的語言，共使用72種語言；29個少數(shù)民族有本民族的文字。中國憲法和民族區(qū)域自治法確立的民族區(qū)域自治制度，符合中國各民族人民的共同利益和發(fā)展要求，保障各少數(shù)民族依法自主管理本民族事務(wù)，民主參與國家和社會事務(wù)管理，平等享有經(jīng)濟、政治、社會和文化權(quán)利，維護了平等、團結(jié)、互助、和諧的民族關(guān)系。
China has enacted the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy, which ensures the implementation of the system of regional ethnic autonomy, fully respects and guarantees the right of ethnic minorities to administer their own affairs, and protects the legitimate rights and interests of the ethnic minorities by law. According to the Constitution and laws, China has currently 155 ethnic autonomous areas, i.e. five autonomous regions, 30 autonomous prefectures and 120 autonomous counties (banners). In addition, there are over 1,100 villages where ethnic minorities live in concentrated communities. According to the Constitution and the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy, ethnic autonomous areas have extensive autonomous power. First, they have the exclusive right to govern the local affairs of their ethnic groups and other affairs within their respective administrative regions. The chairman or vice-chairmen of the standing committee of the people's congress of an ethnic autonomous area must be a member of the ethnic group exercising regional autonomy in the area, and the head of an autonomous region, autonomous prefecture or autonomous county must be a citizen of the ethnic group exercising regional autonomy in the area concerned. Secondly, the people's congresses of ethnic autonomous areas have the power to enact regulations on the exercise of autonomy and separate regulations in the light of the political, economic and cultural characteristics of the ethnic group or groups in the areas concerned, and by law may also make adaptations to the provisions of laws and administrative regulations in the light of the characteristics of the ethnic group(s) in the areas concerned. By the end of August 2011, the ethnic autonomous areas had enacted more than 780 regulations on the exercise of autonomy, as well as separate regulations, which are currently in force. Thirdly, ethnic autonomous areas use and develop their own spoken and written languages. Fifty-three of the 55 minority groups have their own languages, and there are altogether 72 languages; 29 minority groups have their own scripts. The system of regional ethnic autonomy established by the Constitution and the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy is consistent with the common interests and development needs of all China's ethnic groups. It guarantees the minority groups' self-government of their own affairs by law, their democratic participation in the administration of state and social affairs, and their equal entitlement to economic, political, social and cultural rights, and maintains relations of equality, solidarity, mutual assistance and harmony among ethnic groups.
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