中國制定了民法通則，對(duì)民事商事活動(dòng)應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循的基本規(guī)則作出規(guī)定，明確了民法的調(diào)整對(duì)象、基本原則以及民事主體、民事行為、民事權(quán)利和民事責(zé)任制度。隨著市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，中國陸續(xù)制定了合同法、物權(quán)法、農(nóng)村土地承包法等法律，建立健全了債權(quán)制度和包括所有權(quán)、用益物權(quán)、擔(dān)保物權(quán)的物權(quán)制度；制定了侵權(quán)責(zé)任法，完善了侵權(quán)責(zé)任制度；制定了婚姻法、收養(yǎng)法、繼承法等法律，建立和完善了婚姻家庭制度；制定了涉外民事關(guān)系法律適用法，健全了涉外民事關(guān)系法律適用制度；制定了公司法、合伙企業(yè)法、個(gè)人獨(dú)資企業(yè)法、商業(yè)銀行法、證券投資基金法、農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社法等法律，建立健全了商事主體制度；制定了證券法、海商法、票據(jù)法、保險(xiǎn)法等法律，建立健全了商事行為制度，中國的海上貿(mào)易、票據(jù)、保險(xiǎn)、證券等市場經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)制度逐步建立并迅速發(fā)展。
中國高度重視保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，頒布實(shí)施了專利法、商標(biāo)法、著作權(quán)法和計(jì)算機(jī)軟件保護(hù)條例、集成電路布圖設(shè)計(jì)保護(hù)條例、著作權(quán)集體管理?xiàng)l例、信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播權(quán)保護(hù)條例、植物新品種保護(hù)條例、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)海關(guān)保護(hù)條例、特殊標(biāo)志管理?xiàng)l例、奧林匹克標(biāo)志保護(hù)條例等以保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)為主要內(nèi)容的一大批法律法規(guī)。1982年制定的商標(biāo)法是中國開始系統(tǒng)建立現(xiàn)代知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法律制度的重要標(biāo)志，為進(jìn)一步提高中國的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)水平，并適應(yīng)加入世界貿(mào)易組織的需要，中國不斷健全知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法律制度，先后多次對(duì)專利法、商標(biāo)法、著作權(quán)法等法律法規(guī)進(jìn)行修改，在立法原則、權(quán)利內(nèi)容、保護(hù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、法律救濟(jì)手段等方面，更加突出對(duì)促進(jìn)科技進(jìn)步與創(chuàng)新的法律保護(hù)。截至2010年底，中國累計(jì)授予各類專利389萬多件；有效注冊(cè)商標(biāo)達(dá)460萬多件，其中來自177個(gè)國家和地區(qū)的注冊(cè)商標(biāo)有67萬多件。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，2001年至2010年，各級(jí)版權(quán)行政管理部門共收繳侵權(quán)盜版復(fù)制品7.07億件，行政處罰案件93000多起，移送司法機(jī)關(guān)的案件2500多件。
The state enacted the General Principles of the Civil Law, which establishes the basic principles that shall be followed in civil and commercial activities, and defines the target of regulation and basic principles of civil laws, as well as the systems concerning civil subjects, civil activities, civil rights and civil liability. With the development of the market economy, China gradually formulated the Contract Law, Property Law, Law on the Contracting of Rural Land and other laws, and established and improved the system of creditors' rights and the system of property rights including the proprietary rights, usufructuary rights and collateral rights; enacted the Tort Law and improved the tort responsibility system; promulgated the Marriage Law, Adoption Law, Succession Law and other laws and established and improved the marriage and family system; formulated the Law of the Application of Law in Foreign-related Civil Relations and improved the legal system of civil relations with foreigners; made the Company Law, Partnership Enterprise Law, Law on Individual Proprietorship Enterprises, Law on Commercial Banks, Law on Securities Investment Fund, Law on Specialized Farmers' Cooperatives, and other laws, and established and improved the system of business subjects. It also promulgated Securities Law, Maritime Code, Negotiable Instruments Law, Insurance Law and other laws, and established and improved the system of commercial activities. The systems of maritime trade, negotiable instruments, insurance, securities and other market economic activities gradually took form and quickly developed.
China attaches great importance to the protection of intellectual property rights, and has promulgated a large number of laws and regulations, including the Patent Law, Trademark Law, Copyright Law, Regulations on the Protection of Computer Software, Regulations on the Protection of Integrated Circuit Layout Design, Regulations on the Collective Administration of Copyright, Regulations on the Protection of the Right to Network Dissemination of Information, Regulations on the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, Regulations on the Customs Protection of Intellectual Property Rights, Regulations on the Administration of Special Signs, Regulations on the Protection of Olympic Symbols, and other laws and regulations, centered on the protection of intellectual property rights. The promulgation of the Trademark Law in 1982 marked the beginning of China's systematic development of a modern legal system covering intellectual property rights. To further enhance the protection of intellectual property rights in China and meet the requirements for joining the WTO, China has been constantly improving the legal system of intellectual property rights, and has made a number of amendments to the Patent Law, Trademark Law, Copyright Law and other laws to highlight legal protection of the promotion of scientific and technological advancement and innovation from the perspectives of the principles of legislation, the contents of rights, the standard of protection and the means of legal remedy, among others. By the end of 2010, the state had approved over 3,890,000 patents of various types, and effectively registered over 4,600,000 trademarks, including 670,000 trademarks from 177 countries and regions. According to incomplete statistics, during the period 2001-2010 copyright administration organs at various levels confiscated 707 million pirated copies, delivered 93,000 administrative penalties and transferred 2,500 cases to judicial organs.
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