中國制定了行政訴訟法，確立了“民告官”的法律救濟制度。行政訴訟法明確規(guī)定，公民、法人和其他組織認為自己的合法權(quán)益被行政機關及其工作人員侵犯，有權(quán)依法向人民法院提起行政訴訟，人民法院依法對行政案件獨立行使審判權(quán)，保障公民的合法權(quán)益。行政訴訟法頒布實施以來，平均每年受理行政案件10萬余件，保障了公民的合法權(quán)益，促進了行政機關依法行使行政職權(quán)。
中國制定了仲裁法，規(guī)范了國內(nèi)仲裁與涉外仲裁機構(gòu)的設立，明確規(guī)定仲裁委員會獨立于行政機關，從機構(gòu)設置上保證了仲裁委員會的獨立性，明確將自愿、仲裁獨立、一裁終局等原則作為仲裁的基本原則，系統(tǒng)規(guī)定了仲裁程序。仲裁法頒布實施以來，共仲裁各類經(jīng)濟糾紛50多萬件，案件標的額達到人民幣7000多億元，對于公正、及時、有效地解決民事經(jīng)濟糾紛，保護當事人的合法權(quán)益，維護社會經(jīng)濟秩序穩(wěn)定與促進社會和諧，發(fā)揮了積極作用。
China's Administrative Procedure Law defines the legal remedy system in administrative lawsuits. It explicitly stipulates that a citizen, a legal person or other organization has the right to initiate an administrative lawsuit at a people's court in accordance with this law if they believe their lawful rights and interests are infringed upon by an administrative organ or staff working in it, and the people's court exercises judicial power independently with respect to administrative cases to protect the legal rights and interests of the citizens. Since the promulgation and implementation of the Administrative Procedure Law, the people's courts have accepted over 100,000 cases annually on average, protecting the lawful rights and interests of the citizens and making the administrative organs exercise their administrative powers according to law.
China's Arbitration Law has provisions for the establishment of domestic arbitration and foreign-related arbitration agencies, stipulates that an arbitration commission shall be independent of any administrative organ, which guarantees its independence. It also specifies that arbitration should be conducted upon a voluntary and independent basis, and that a system of a single and final award shall be practiced for arbitration. It also contains details about arbitration procedures. Since the promulgation of this law over 500,000 cases of economic disputes have been handled, involving a total sum of 700 billion yuan. It has played an important role in settling civil and economic disputes fairly, promptly and effectively, protecting the lawful rights and interests of the parties concerned, maintaining social and economic stability and promoting social harmony.
人民調(diào)解是一項具有中國特色的化解矛盾、消除紛爭的非訴訟糾紛解決方式。中國憲法、民事訴訟法對人民調(diào)解的性質(zhì)和基本原則作了規(guī)定，國務院頒布了人民調(diào)解委員會組織條例，人民調(diào)解工作不斷發(fā)展。2009年，人民調(diào)解組織調(diào)解民間糾紛767萬多件，調(diào)解成功率在96%以上。為進一步推動人民調(diào)解工作，完善人民調(diào)解制度，中國制定了人民調(diào)解法，將人民調(diào)解工作長期積累的好經(jīng)驗、好做法制定為法律。目前，中國共有人民調(diào)解組織82萬多個，人民調(diào)解員467萬多人，形成了覆蓋廣大城鄉(xiāng)的人民調(diào)解工作網(wǎng)絡，為預防和減少民間糾紛、化解社會矛盾、維護社會和諧穩(wěn)定發(fā)揮了重要作用。
此外，中國還制定了引渡法、海事訴訟特別程序法、勞動爭議調(diào)解仲裁法、農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營糾紛調(diào)解仲裁法等法律，建立健全了訴訟與非訴訟程序法律制度。
People's mediation is a Chinese way of resolving contradictions and settling disputes without resorting to legal proceedings. The Constitution and Civil Procedure Law specify the nature and fundamental principles of people's mediation, and the State Council has promulgated the Organic Regulations on the People's Mediation Commissions. In 2009 people's mediation organizations mediated over 7.67 million civil disputes, with a success rate of over 96 percent. In order to further promote people's mediation work and improve the system, China has formulated the People's Mediation Law, making the good experience and practices accumulated in this field into law. At present, there are more than 820,000 people's mediation organizations in China, and 4.67 million people's mediators, forming a mediation network covering both rural and urban areas. They are playing an important role in preventing and reducing civil disputes, resolving social conflicts, and maintaining social harmony and stability.
In addition, China has formulated the Extradition Law, Special Maritime Procedure Law, Law on Labor Dispute Mediation and Arbitration, and Law on the Mediation and Arbitration of Rural Land Contracting Disputes, thereby establishing and improving the system of litigation and non-litigation procedure laws.
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