中國(guó)重視保障特殊群體的權(quán)益，制定了殘疾人保障法、未成年人保護(hù)法、婦女權(quán)益保障法、老年人權(quán)益保障法、預(yù)防未成年人犯罪法等法律，在保護(hù)特殊群體權(quán)益方面形成了較為完備的法律制度，對(duì)于保護(hù)特殊群體合法權(quán)益，維護(hù)社會(huì)公平正義，發(fā)揮了重要作用。
刑法。刑法是規(guī)定犯罪與刑罰的法律規(guī)范。它通過(guò)規(guī)范國(guó)家的刑罰權(quán)，懲罰犯罪，保護(hù)人民，維護(hù)社會(huì)秩序和公共安全，保障國(guó)家安全。截至2011年8月底，中國(guó)已制定一部統(tǒng)一的刑法、8個(gè)刑法修正案以及關(guān)于懲治騙購(gòu)?fù)鈪R、逃匯和非法買(mǎi)賣(mài)外匯犯罪的決定，并通過(guò)了9個(gè)有關(guān)刑法規(guī)定的法律解釋。
中國(guó)刑法確立了罪刑法定、法律面前人人平等、罪刑相適應(yīng)等基本原則。中國(guó)刑法明確規(guī)定：法律明文規(guī)定為犯罪行為的，依照法律定罪處刑；法律沒(méi)有明文規(guī)定為犯罪行為的，不得定罪處刑；對(duì)任何人犯罪，在適用法律上一律平等。不允許任何人有超越法律的特權(quán)；刑罰的輕重，應(yīng)當(dāng)與犯罪分子所犯罪行和承擔(dān)的刑事責(zé)任相適應(yīng)。中國(guó)刑法規(guī)定了犯罪的概念；規(guī)定了刑罰的種類，包括管制、拘役、有期徒刑、無(wú)期徒刑、死刑五種主刑以及罰金、剝奪政治權(quán)利、沒(méi)收財(cái)產(chǎn)三種附加刑，并對(duì)刑罰的具體運(yùn)用作出了規(guī)定；規(guī)定了危害國(guó)家安全罪，危害公共安全罪，破壞社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序罪，侵犯公民人身權(quán)利、民主權(quán)利罪，侵犯財(cái)產(chǎn)罪，妨害社會(huì)管理秩序罪，危害國(guó)防利益罪，貪污賄賂罪，瀆職罪，軍人違反職責(zé)罪等十類犯罪行為及其刑事責(zé)任。
China pays great attention to the protection of the rights and interests of special groups. It has enacted the Law on the Protection of Disabled Persons, Law on the Protection of Minors, Law on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women, Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly, and Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency. It has developed a comparatively complete legal system to protect the rights and interests of special groups, which plays an important role in protecting the legitimate rights and interests of special groups, and in safeguarding social equity and justice.
Criminal Law. This is the law that defines crimes and penalties. It aims to punish crime and protect the people, maintain social order and public security, and safeguard national security through regulating the state's power of punishment. By the end of August 2011 China had enacted the Criminal Law and eight amendments to it, as well as decisions on punishing fraudulent purchase of foreign exchange, evading foreign exchange control, and illegal trade in foreign exchange, plus nine legal interpretations on the Criminal Law.
The Criminal Law defines clearly these basic principles: punishment of crimes is defined by law, everyone is equal before the law, and punishment should match the severity of the crime. It expressly stipulates that any act deemed by explicit stipulations of the law as a crime is to be convicted and given punishment by law, and that any act that is not deemed a crime by the explicit stipulations of the law is not to be convicted or given punishment. The law shall be equally applied to anyone who commits a crime. No one shall have the privilege of transcending the law. The degree of punishment shall be commensurate with the crime committed and the criminal responsibility to be borne by the offender. The Criminal Law of China defines various types of crime and types of punishment, including public surveillance, criminal detention, fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment and the death penalty. It also includes three accessory penalties - fine, deprivation of political rights and confiscation of property. In addition, it states the concrete application of punishments. It identifies ten criminal acts and corresponding criminal liability, namely the crimes of endangering national security, endangering public security, undermining the order of the socialist market economy, infringing upon the rights of the person and the democratic rights of citizens, encroaching on property, disrupting the order of social administration, endangering the interests of national defense, embezzlement and bribery, dereliction of duty, and servicemen's transgression of duties.
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