殘疾人事業(yè)財政支持大幅增長?！笆晃濉逼陂g全國殘聯(lián)系統(tǒng)用于殘疾人事業(yè)發(fā)展的財政資金為573.59億元，“十二五”期間財政資金投入1451.24億元，比“十一五”期間增長153%。2016年，全國殘聯(lián)系統(tǒng)用于“十三五”期間殘疾人事業(yè)發(fā)展的財政資金共計416.69億元，比“十二五”同期（2011年）增加241.54億元，增長138%。2013年至2017年各級財政專門用于殘疾人事業(yè)的資金投入超過1800億元，比上一個五年增長123%。2018年已竣工殘疾人服務(wù)設(shè)施達(dá)到4069個。
A marked increase in financial support to programs of persons with disabilities.
? Disabled persons’ federations across the nation spent RMB57.36 billion on programs for helping these people during the 11th Five-year Plan period (2006-2010).
? The figure grew to RMB145.12 billion during the 12th Five-year Plan period (2011-2015), an increase of 153 percent.
? The investment was RMB41.67 billion in 2016, the first year of the 13th Five-year Plan period (2016-2020), an increase of RMB24.15 billion, or 138 percent, compared with the first year (2011) during the 12th Five-year Plan period.
? From 2013 to 2017, the fiscal allocations from all levels of the government for persons with disabilities added up to over RMB180 billion, up by 123 percent over the prior five years.
? In 2018, 4,069 service facilities were in place.
三、健康與康復(fù)
中國高度重視殘疾人健康權(quán)利保障，全面開展殘疾預(yù)防，大力推進(jìn)康復(fù)服務(wù)，努力實現(xiàn)殘疾人“人人享有康復(fù)服務(wù)”的目標(biāo)。
III. Health and Rehabilitation
China attaches great importance to ensuring the right to health for persons with disabilities. It makes comprehensive efforts in preventing disability, and works hard to improve rehabilitation services, in pursuit of the goal that “everyone in need has access to rehabilitation services.”
殘疾人健康保障政策務(wù)實全面?！丁敖】抵袊?030”規(guī)劃綱要》《“十三五”衛(wèi)生與健康規(guī)劃》《“十三五”深化醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革規(guī)劃》等對維護(hù)殘疾人健康、加強(qiáng)基層醫(yī)療康復(fù)能力建設(shè)等提出明確要求。《殘疾預(yù)防和殘疾人康復(fù)條例》頒布實施。建立重度殘疾人護(hù)理補(bǔ)貼制度，向殘疾人提供殘疾特需醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)，將殘疾人作為家庭醫(yī)生簽約服務(wù)的優(yōu)先對象，鼓勵各地將基本康復(fù)服務(wù)納入個性化簽約范圍。運動療法等29項醫(yī)療康復(fù)項目納入基本醫(yī)療保險支付范圍。自20世紀(jì)90年代以來，中國政府和社會各界出資，對白內(nèi)障患者開展手術(shù)治療，累計使1000余萬人復(fù)明。特別關(guān)注農(nóng)村貧困殘疾人醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)狀況，制定發(fā)布《關(guān)于實施健康扶貧工程的指導(dǎo)意見》《健康扶貧工程“三個一批”行動計劃》《著力解決因殘致貧家庭突出困難的實施方案》和《醫(yī)療保障扶貧三年行動實施方案（2018－2020年）》，將農(nóng)村貧困殘疾人納入基本醫(yī)保、大病保險、醫(yī)療救助范圍，充分發(fā)揮三項制度綜合保障作用，切實提高建檔立卡貧困殘疾人醫(yī)療保障受益水平，加強(qiáng)縣級殘疾人康復(fù)服務(wù)中心建設(shè)，提升基層康復(fù)服務(wù)能力，建立醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)與殘疾人專業(yè)康復(fù)機(jī)構(gòu)協(xié)調(diào)配合的工作機(jī)制。
Policies for ensuring health services for people with disabilities are pragmatic and comprehensive. The “Outline of Healthy China 2030”, the “Plan for Health in the 13th Five-year Plan Period”, and the “Plan for Deepening Medical and Healthcare Reform in the 13th Five-year Plan Period” have raised explicit requirements for ensuring healthcare for persons with disabilities, and improving the ability of community-level institutions to deliver medical and rehabilitation services. The Regulations on Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation of Persons with Disabilities have been enacted and implemented. A subsidy system for nursing persons with severe disabilities has been established. Persons with disabilities are provided with special medical services, and they are also priority targets in family doctors’ contracting services. Local governments are encouraged to incorporate
basic rehabilitation services into personalized contracts with family doctors. Exercise therapy and 28 other medical rehabilitation items are covered by basic medical insurance. Since the 1990s, the Chinese government and various sectors of the society have funded surgeries for cataract patients, and more than 10 million people have recovered eyesight through this campaign.
Special attention has been paid to medical and healthcare services for impoverished people with disabilities in rural areas. The government has issued the “Guiding Opinions on Programs of Poverty Alleviation Through Healthcare”, “Action Plan for Three Groups of People in Programs of Poverty Alleviation Through Healthcare”, “Implementation Plan for Addressing the Difficulties of Poor Households Caused by Disabilities”, and the “Three-year Action Plan for Poverty Alleviation Through Medical Security (2018-2020)”. In rural areas, poor people with disabilities are now covered by basic medical insurance, serious disease insurance, and medical assistance, all of which play an effective role in securing comprehensive healthcare for them. Medical insurance benefits for registered poor people with disabilities have been improved. More efforts have been made to build county-level
rehabilitation service centers for persons with disabilities, with the goal of improving the capabilities of community-level institutions in providing rehabilitation services. A working mechanism has been established to coordinate medical institutions and professional rehabilitation institutions for persons with disabilities.
殘疾預(yù)防工作取得積極成效。制定發(fā)布《國家殘疾預(yù)防行動計劃（2016－2020年）》，采取有效措施減少和控制殘疾發(fā)生。在全國開展殘疾預(yù)防綜合試驗區(qū)試點工作，探索完善殘疾篩查、評定、報告及干預(yù)一體化工作機(jī)制。實施國家免疫規(guī)劃，加強(qiáng)婚前孕前健康檢查、孕產(chǎn)婦產(chǎn)前篩查診斷以及新生兒和兒童殘疾篩查。制定《0－6歲兒童殘疾篩查工作規(guī)范（試行）》，實現(xiàn)5類兒童殘疾的早篩早診早治。加強(qiáng)傳染病、地方病、慢性病等疾病防治，實施食鹽加碘、增補(bǔ)葉酸等重點預(yù)防工程，基本消除了脊髓灰質(zhì)炎、碘缺乏病等致殘因素。加強(qiáng)安全舉措，減少意外傷害致殘因素?？萍疾糠e極推進(jìn)殘疾預(yù)防技術(shù)攻關(guān)，通過“生殖健康及重大出生缺陷防控研究”和“重大慢性非傳染性疾病防控研究”重點專項，部署開展出生缺陷防控和主要致殘性重大慢性疾病防控技術(shù)研究，有效減少因病致殘的發(fā)生。2017年國務(wù)院正式批準(zhǔn)將每年8月25日設(shè)立為“殘疾預(yù)防日”，在“殘疾預(yù)防日”、愛耳日、防治碘缺乏病日、愛眼日、預(yù)防出生缺陷日、精神衛(wèi)生日等節(jié)點開展宣傳活動，提高公眾殘疾預(yù)防意識。截至2016年，全國共為8091萬名農(nóng)村圍孕期婦女提供免費補(bǔ)服葉酸服務(wù)，為97.8萬對夫婦免費提供地中海貧血篩查服務(wù)，為469萬名新生兒提供免費先天性疾病篩查。
Positive results have been achieved in preventing disability. The “National Disability Prevention Action Plan (2016-2020)” has been promulgated, by which effective measures are being taken to reduce and control the occurrence of disabilities. Pilot work on comprehensive disability prevention has been carried out around China to improve the integrated mechanism for disability screening, assessment, report and intervention. The national immunization program has been implemented, and pre-marriage and pre-pregnancy health checks, maternal prenatal screening and tests, and screening for newborns and children with disabilities have been strengthened. The Specifications for Disability Screening for Children Aged 0-6 Years (Trial) has been formulated to realize early screening and treatment of children with five types of disability. More efforts have been made in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, endemic diseases, and chronic
diseases, with a focus on key prevention projects such as salt iodization and folic acid supplementation. These have basically eliminated poliomyelitis and iodine deficiency disorders, and other causes for disabilities. Safety measures have been strengthened to reduce accidental injuries that cause disabilities.
The Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) actively pursues breakthroughs in disability prevention technologies. Through two key programs – “reproductive health and prevention and control of major birth defects” and “prevention and control of major non-communicable chronic diseases” – the MOST has planned and conducted prevention and control of birth defects and technical research on the prevention and control of major chronic diseases that will lead to disabilities, effectively reducing the occurrence of disabilities caused by illnesses. In 2017, the State Council officially designated August 25 as the Disability Prevention Day. Promotional activities to raise public awareness of disability prevention have been carried out on Disability Prevention Day, Ear Care Day (March 3), Global Iodine Deficiency Disorders Prevention Day (October 21), National Eye Care Day (June
6), World Birth Defects Day (March 3), and World Mental Health Day (October 10).
As of 2016, the Chinese government had provided free folic acid to 81 million rural perinatal women, free thalassemia screening for 978,000 couples, and free congenital disease screening for 4.69 million newborns.
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