殘疾人康復(fù)條件逐步完善。殘疾人康復(fù)機構(gòu)從無到有，專業(yè)隊伍建設(shè)不斷加強，工作體系、業(yè)務(wù)格局、運行機制逐步建立，服務(wù)能力日益提高。截至2018年，全國已竣工的省、市、縣三級康復(fù)設(shè)施914個，總建筑面積344.9萬平方米；全國殘疾人專業(yè)康復(fù)服務(wù)機構(gòu)9036個，在崗人員25萬人，2750個縣（市、區(qū)）開展社區(qū)康復(fù)服務(wù)?？祻?fù)工作內(nèi)容由三項搶救性康復(fù)項目發(fā)展成為覆蓋多學(xué)科領(lǐng)域、滿足各類別殘疾人需要、預(yù)防與康復(fù)并重的服務(wù)體系。2018年，全國621所中等、高等職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)校和普通本?？圃盒ｉ_設(shè)康復(fù)專業(yè)，畢業(yè)生人數(shù)為29334人。為進一步加強康復(fù)專業(yè)人才培養(yǎng)，建設(shè)中國康復(fù)大學(xué)已納入“十三五”規(guī)劃和《“十三五”加快殘疾人小康進程規(guī)劃綱要》，籌建工作正式啟動。大力開展社區(qū)康復(fù)服務(wù)，提升社區(qū)康復(fù)能力。截至2018年，開展社區(qū)康復(fù)服務(wù)的市轄區(qū)為1001個，縣（市）為1749個，有社區(qū)康復(fù)協(xié)調(diào)員47.8萬人。建立殘疾兒童康復(fù)救助制度，為殘疾兒童接受基本康復(fù)救助提供制度性保障。全國9個?。▍^(qū)、市）建立了殘疾人輔助器具補貼制度，減輕了殘疾人家庭經(jīng)濟負擔(dān)。實施殘疾人精準(zhǔn)康復(fù)服務(wù)行動，為殘疾兒童和持證殘疾人提供康復(fù)醫(yī)療、康復(fù)訓(xùn)練、支持性服務(wù)、輔助器具適配等基本康復(fù)服務(wù)?？萍疾恐ν七M助殘、惠殘產(chǎn)品研發(fā)，通過“主動健康和老齡化科技應(yīng)對”和“生物醫(yī)用材料研發(fā)與組織器官修復(fù)替代”重點專項，部署開展康復(fù)輔助器具、人工組織器官修復(fù)材料等研發(fā)。完善工傷康復(fù)制度，提高傷殘撫恤標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。2006年至2016年，2178.1萬殘疾人次得到不同程度康復(fù)。2018年，1074.7萬名殘疾兒童及持證殘疾人得到基本康復(fù)服務(wù)，殘疾人康復(fù)服務(wù)覆蓋率達到79.8%。
Rehabilitation services for persons with disabilities have gradually improved. Starting from scratch, rehabilitation institutions for persons with disabilities have developed a team of professionals, established a work system, business structure and operational mechanism, and improved their service capabilities. By 2018, 914 rehabilitation facilities at provincial, municipal and county levels had been completed, with a total floor area of 3.4 million sq m. There were 9,036 rehabilitation institutions for persons with disabilities, which employed 250,000 people, and 2,750 counties (cities or districts) offered community rehabilitation services. Rehabilitation institutions, which used to provide services only for cataract patients, post-polio patients, and hearing-impaired children, have evolved into to a multi-disciplinary
service system with equal emphasis on prevention and rehabilitation that meets the needs of a wide range of people with disabilities.
In 2018, 621 secondary and higher vocational technical schools and regular colleges and universities began to offer degree programs on rehabilitation services, with 29,334 graduates. To train more rehabilitation professionals, preparatory work has officially started for China Rehabilitation University, which is included in the 13th Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the “Outline for Accelerating the Process Toward Prosperity for Persons with Disabilities in the 13th Five-year Plan Period”.
Vigorous efforts are being made to offer community rehabilitation services and enhance the service capacity. By 2018, 1,001 municipal districts and 1,749 counties (cities) were offering community rehabilitation services, employing 478,000 community rehabilitation coordinators. A rehabilitation and assistance system for children with disabilities has been established, providing institutional guarantee for these children to receive basic rehabilitation assistance. A system subsidizing assistive devices for persons with disabilities has been established in nine provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, reducing the financial burden on families with disabled members. A campaign has been launched to offer targeted rehabilitation services, such as rehabilitation therapy, rehabilitation training, support services, and assistive devices, to disabled children and those with certified disabilities. The MOST encourages the R&D of
products that help and benefit persons with disabilities. It has carried out R&D programs on rehabilitation aids and repair materials for artificial tissues and organs, with a focus on two key projects – “active health and technological response to aging” and “R&D of biomedical materials and repair and replacement of tissues and organs”. The rehabilitation system for work-related injuries has been improved, and pensions for injuries and disabilities have been enhanced.
From 2006 to 2016, 21.8 million persons with disabilities made progress in rehabilitation. In 2018, 10.7 million disabled children and persons with certified disabilities received basic rehabilitation services, and the coverage of rehabilitation services for persons with disabilities reached 79.8 percent.
殘疾兒童健康得到特別關(guān)注。遵循兒童利益最大化原則，高度關(guān)注殘疾兒童健康。第二次全國殘疾人抽樣調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)顯示，0－14歲殘疾兒童占殘疾人總?cè)藬?shù)的4.69%，比1987年第一次全國殘疾人抽樣調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)下降11.21個百分點。優(yōu)先開展0－6歲殘疾兒童搶救性治療和康復(fù)，實施精準(zhǔn)康復(fù)服務(wù)。2018年，15.7萬名0－6歲殘疾兒童得到基本康復(fù)服務(wù)。為更全面更可持續(xù)地保障殘疾兒童的基本康復(fù)權(quán)利，國務(wù)院2018年6月發(fā)布《關(guān)于建立殘疾兒童康復(fù)救助制度的意見》，正式建立殘疾兒童康復(fù)救助制度。推進殘疾兒童康復(fù)救助項目，對患有腦癱、弱視、聽障等重大疾病兒童進行救助。建立包括殘疾孤兒在內(nèi)的孤兒基本生活保障制度，實施“兒童福利機構(gòu)建設(shè)藍天計劃”和“全國殘疾孤兒手術(shù)康復(fù)明天計劃”。截至2018年6月，“全國殘疾孤兒手術(shù)康復(fù)明天計劃”已為12.5萬名手術(shù)適應(yīng)癥殘疾孤兒、棄嬰實施了手術(shù)矯治和康復(fù)訓(xùn)練。
Special attention has been paid to the health of children with disabilities. Following the principle of maximizing the interests of children, the Chinese government pays close attention to the health of children with disabilities. According to the results of the second national sample survey on disability published in 2006, children aged 0-14 years accounted for 4.69 percent of the total population with disabilities, 11.21 percentage points lower than data from the first survey published in 1987. Priority has been given to the rescue therapy and rehabilitation of children with disabilities aged 0-6, with targeted rehabilitation services. In 2018, 157,000 children with disabilities aged 0-6 years were provided with basic
rehabilitation services.
To protect the basic rehabilitation rights of children with disabilities in a more
comprehensive and sustainable way, the State Council issued the “Directives on
Establishing a Rehabilitation and Assistance System for Children with Disabilities” in June 2018, marking the formal establishment of the system. Efforts have been made to promote rehabilitation and assistance services for children with major diseases such as cerebral palsy, amblyopia, and hearing impairments. A basic living allowance system has been established for orphans, including those with disabilities. China has carried out the Blue Sky Plan on Developing Child Welfare Institutions and the Tomorrow Plan on Surgical Rehabilitation for Orphans with Disabilities. In the framework of the latter, by June 2018, 125,000 disabled orphans and abandoned infants with surgical indications had received surgical correction and rehabilitation training.
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