殘疾人就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)得到政策支持。政府有關(guān)部門相繼發(fā)布《關(guān)于促進(jìn)殘疾人按比例就業(yè)的意見》《殘疾人就業(yè)保障金征收使用管理辦法》《關(guān)于發(fā)展殘疾人輔助性就業(yè)的意見》《關(guān)于促進(jìn)殘疾人就業(yè)增值稅優(yōu)惠政策的通知》《關(guān)于促進(jìn)殘疾人就業(yè)政府采購(gòu)政策的通知》《關(guān)于扶持殘疾人自主就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)的意見》《殘疾人職業(yè)技能提升計(jì)劃（2016－2020年）》等一系列扶持和保護(hù)殘疾人就業(yè)的政策。將殘疾人納入積極的就業(yè)政策體系覆蓋范圍，在堅(jiān)持以市場(chǎng)為導(dǎo)向的就業(yè)機(jī)制基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)殘疾人就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)采取優(yōu)惠政策和扶持保護(hù)措施，包括稅費(fèi)減免、設(shè)施設(shè)備扶持、政府優(yōu)先采購(gòu)、信貸優(yōu)惠以及資金支持、崗位補(bǔ)貼和社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)補(bǔ)貼等?！吨腥A人民共和國(guó)中醫(yī)藥法》規(guī)定，盲人按照國(guó)家有關(guān)規(guī)定取得盲人醫(yī)療按摩人員資格的，可以以個(gè)人開業(yè)的方式或者在醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)提供醫(yī)療按摩服務(wù)。國(guó)家對(duì)盲人按摩的培訓(xùn)和就業(yè)、創(chuàng)業(yè)予以支持，累計(jì)培養(yǎng)盲人保健按摩人員超過11萬人、盲人醫(yī)療按摩人員約1萬人。
Policy support for the employment and self-employment of persons with disabilities. The government departments concerned have released a series of relevant policies and documents:
? Opinions on Reserving a Certain Proportion of Employment Positions for Persons with Disabilities
? Measures for the Administration of the Collection and Use of Employment Security Funds for Persons with Disabilities
? Opinions on Promoting Supported Employment for Persons with Disabilities
? Notice on Preferential Value-Added Tax Policies for Promoting Employment of Persons with Disabilities
? Notice on Policies for Government Purchase of Products from Employers of Persons with Disabilities
? Opinions on Supporting Employment and Entrepreneurship of Persons with Disabilities
? Program on Employment Skill Improvement for Persons with Disabilities (2016-2020)
These efforts have helped persons with disabilities to enjoy the benefits of proactive employment policies. Based on market-oriented employment mechanisms, the state has taken preferential policies and supportive and protective measures for the employment and self-employment of persons with disabilities such as tax reductions, supplying facilities, preferential purchasing by the government, favorable loans and capital support, post allowance and social security subsidies.
The Law of the People’s Republic of China on Traditional Chinese Medicine provides that persons with visual disabilities who have obtained the qualification as blind medical massagers according to relevant state regulations can engage in self-employment or serve in medical institutions. The state gives support to the training, employment and self-employment of blind massagers. More than 110,000 therapeutic massagers and 10,000 medical massagers with visual disabilities have been trained.
殘疾人就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)服務(wù)和培訓(xùn)廣泛開展。各地將殘疾人就業(yè)納入公共服務(wù)范圍，為有勞動(dòng)能力和就業(yè)意愿的城鄉(xiāng)殘疾人免費(fèi)提供就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)服務(wù)，為殘疾人就業(yè)和用人單位招用殘疾人提供幫助。省、市、縣三級(jí)政府建立了專門的殘疾人就業(yè)服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)，為殘疾人提供政策咨詢、求職登記、職業(yè)指導(dǎo)、職業(yè)介紹、職業(yè)培訓(xùn)等就業(yè)服務(wù)，并于元旦、春節(jié)期間舉辦就業(yè)援助月專項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，集中為殘疾人就業(yè)提供幫扶。截至2018年，全國(guó)共有殘疾人就業(yè)服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)2811家，工作人員3.4萬人。實(shí)施殘疾人職業(yè)技能提升計(jì)劃，開展適合殘疾人特點(diǎn)的職業(yè)培訓(xùn)和創(chuàng)業(yè)培訓(xùn)，組織各類殘疾人職業(yè)技能競(jìng)賽，提升殘疾人就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)能力。2018年，城鄉(xiāng)新增殘疾人實(shí)名制培訓(xùn)49.4萬人。建立了500家國(guó)家級(jí)殘疾人職業(yè)培訓(xùn)基地，350家省級(jí)殘疾人職業(yè)培訓(xùn)基地。
Extensive training and services for persons with disabilities to seek employment or start businesses. The employment of persons with disabilities is covered by public services at all levels: Persons with disabilities in both rural and urban areas who are able to and wish to work are entitled to free services in finding employment or establishing self-employment; help is offered to those with disabilities in seeking employment and to employers in hiring them. Special employment service agencies for persons with disabilities have been set up at provincial, municipal and county levels to provide services such as policy advice, employment registration, career guidance, job opportunities, and training. Employment aid month activities take place during the New Year and Spring Festival to help them find jobs. By 2018, there had been 2,811 employment service organizations for persons with disabilities,
with 34,000 staff.
Plans have been carried out to improve occupational skills for persons with disabilities, run training courses on jobs and entrepreneurship tailored to their needs, and hold occupational skill competitions to improve their abilities in finding employment or starting their own businesses. In 2018, another 494,000 persons with disabilities took part in training sessions. And 500 occupational training centers have been set up at the state level and 350 at the provincial level.
殘疾人就業(yè)方式豐富多樣。殘疾人按比例就業(yè)、集中就業(yè)、自主就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。近年來，政府優(yōu)化公益性就業(yè)崗位開發(fā)管理，鼓勵(lì)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”就業(yè)。制定《關(guān)于發(fā)展殘疾人輔助性就業(yè)的意見》，針對(duì)就業(yè)年齡段內(nèi)有就業(yè)意愿但難以進(jìn)入競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的智力、精神和重度肢體殘疾人，安排輔助性就業(yè)，集中組織生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng)，在勞動(dòng)時(shí)間、勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度、勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬和勞動(dòng)協(xié)議簽訂等方面采取靈活方式。截至2017年，全國(guó)所有市轄區(qū)至少建立了一所殘疾人輔助性就業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)。通過優(yōu)惠措施幫助農(nóng)村殘疾人從事種植業(yè)、養(yǎng)殖業(yè)、手工業(yè)等生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)。近十年來，中國(guó)殘疾人就業(yè)總體規(guī)模與結(jié)構(gòu)趨于穩(wěn)定，新增殘疾人就業(yè)人數(shù)每年保持在30萬人以上。2018年，城鄉(xiāng)持證殘疾人新增就業(yè)36.7萬人，其中，城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)11.8萬人，農(nóng)村新增就業(yè)24.9萬人。截至2018年，城鄉(xiāng)持證殘疾人就業(yè)人數(shù)達(dá)到948.4萬人。
Various provisions for employment of persons with disabilities. Steady progress has been made in reserving a certain proportion of employment positions, centralized employment, and self-employment for persons with disabilities. In recent years, the government has optimized the development and management of welfare jobs and encouraged “internet plus” employment. It has formulated “Directives on Supported Employment for Persons with Disabilities”, which aims to assist persons with disabilities – including intellectual, mental, and severe physical disabilities – who are working-age individuals eager to be employed but find it hard to enter the competitive job market, to obtain and maintain employment. Provisions are also made for flexible working hours, intensity, pay and labor contract. By 2017, there had been at least one supported employment agency in every municipal district. Preferential measures have been taken to help persons with disabilities in rural areas to engage in farming, breeding, and handicraft industries, all effective sources of employment.
In the past decade, the size and structure of employed persons with disabilities has remained stable, and the number has risen by 300,000 every year. In 2018, another 367,000 persons with certified disabilities were hired, 118,000 in urban areas and 249,000 in rural areas. By 2018, the employment figure of people with certified disabilities had reached 9.48 million.
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