產(chǎn)業(yè)扶貧助推貧困殘疾人就業(yè)增收。制定《農(nóng)村殘疾人扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)計(jì)劃（2001－2010年）》《農(nóng)村殘疾人扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)綱要（2011－2020年）》。2011年以來(lái)，中國(guó)扶持近1300萬(wàn)殘疾人發(fā)展生產(chǎn)，其中676萬(wàn)貧困殘疾人擺脫貧困。各地建立殘疾人扶貧基地5490個(gè)，安置88.1萬(wàn)殘疾人就業(yè)，扶持帶動(dòng)176.9萬(wàn)戶殘疾人家庭增加收入。支持殘疾人貧困戶因地制宜發(fā)展種養(yǎng)業(yè)和手工業(yè)。深入實(shí)施“雨露計(jì)劃”，優(yōu)先培訓(xùn)貧困殘疾人，將適合從事農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的貧困殘疾人納入農(nóng)民教育培訓(xùn)相關(guān)工程，鼓勵(lì)他們?cè)谵r(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域創(chuàng)業(yè)。實(shí)施職業(yè)技能提升計(jì)劃和貧困戶教育培訓(xùn)工程，殘疾人貧困戶優(yōu)先接受培訓(xùn)，確保貧困殘疾人家庭勞動(dòng)力至少掌握一門(mén)致富技能。落實(shí)殘疾人貧困戶培訓(xùn)后資金、場(chǎng)地、設(shè)備、市場(chǎng)信息、經(jīng)營(yíng)管理等方面的就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)服務(wù)與扶持政策措施。將優(yōu)秀脫貧致富殘疾人納入貧困村創(chuàng)業(yè)致富帶頭人培訓(xùn)工程。制定《發(fā)展手工制作促進(jìn)貧困殘疾婦女就業(yè)脫貧行動(dòng)實(shí)施方案》，加強(qiáng)對(duì)殘疾婦女的實(shí)用技術(shù)和就業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)，發(fā)展手工制作，促進(jìn)貧困殘疾婦女就業(yè)脫貧。鼓勵(lì)“全國(guó)巾幗脫貧基地”負(fù)責(zé)人、農(nóng)村致富女帶頭人等與殘疾婦女結(jié)對(duì)幫扶。在城鎮(zhèn)舉辦勞動(dòng)技能培訓(xùn)，加強(qiáng)就業(yè)指導(dǎo)和服務(wù)，積極扶持殘疾婦女自主擇業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)。
Increasing the income of persons with disabilities through poverty relief efforts. The Chinese government has formulated the “Development-oriented Poverty Alleviation Program for Persons with Disabilities in Rural Areas (2001-2010)” and the “Outline of Development-oriented Poverty Alleviation for Persons with Disabilities in Rural Areas (2011-2020)”. Since 2011, it has helped nearly 13 million persons with disabilities to engage in production activities through poverty relief efforts, and as a result 6.76 million have got out of poverty. Across the country, 5,490 poverty alleviation centers for persons with disabilities have been set up, employing 881,000 persons with disabilities and helping to increase the income of 1.77 million households with one or more disabled members.
Support has been given to low-income households to engage in farming, breeding and handicraft industries as suited to local conditions. The Rain-Dew Anti-poverty Campaign is carried out to a deeper level, in which priority is given to training impoverished persons with disabilities and encouraging them to start up business in agriculture by including those capable of farming into the training programs for farmers.
A vocational skill improvement program and a training program for impoverished households have been launched to ensure labors with one or more disabled family members are prioritized in receiving training and they acquire at least one skill to achieve prosperity. And policies and measures have been taken to serve and support their employment and entrepreneurship, covering capital, worksites, facilities, market information and management. Poverty alleviation models with disabilities are included in programs for training entrepreneurship-based poverty relief leaders in poor villages.
The state has formulated the “Plan on Developing Handicraft Industry to Lead
Impoverished Women with Disabilities Out of Poverty”. It has strengthened training for these women in practical and employable skills, and developed handicrafts to help them shake off poverty. The heads of National Women’s Poverty Eradication Centers and female leaders in helping villagers achieve prosperity are encouraged to partner with and assist women with disabilities. The government holds skill training sessions in urban areas and provides more employment guidance and services to support women with disabilities in finding jobs and starting businesses.
六、基本生活與社會(huì)保障
中國(guó)殘疾人社會(huì)保障體系不斷完善。殘疾人按規(guī)定享受社會(huì)救助、社會(huì)福利和社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)待遇，生活質(zhì)量提升，獲得感顯著增強(qiáng)。
VI. Basic Life and Social Security
The social security system for persons with disabilities has been steadily improved. They enjoy social assistance, welfare and insurance benefits according to regulations, and lead a higher-quality life with a greater sense of gain.
殘疾人享有平等的社會(huì)保障權(quán)利。按照平等不歧視原則，國(guó)家保障包括殘疾人在內(nèi)的所有公民享有社會(huì)保障權(quán)利?！吨腥A人民共和國(guó)憲法》明確規(guī)定：公民在年老、疾病或者喪失勞動(dòng)能力的情況下，有從國(guó)家和社會(huì)獲得物質(zhì)幫助的權(quán)利；國(guó)家和社會(huì)保障殘廢軍人的生活，撫恤烈士家屬，優(yōu)待軍人家屬；國(guó)家和社會(huì)幫助安排盲、聾、啞和其他有殘疾的公民的勞動(dòng)、生活和教育?！吨腥A人民共和國(guó)殘疾人保障法》明確規(guī)定“國(guó)家保障殘疾人享有各項(xiàng)社會(huì)保障的權(quán)利”。《中華人民共和國(guó)社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)法》《社會(huì)救助暫行辦法》《工傷保險(xiǎn)條例》《軍人撫恤優(yōu)待條例》等法律法規(guī)對(duì)殘疾人的社會(huì)保障權(quán)利作出具體規(guī)定。國(guó)家承擔(dān)更加積極的義務(wù)，促進(jìn)殘疾人社會(huì)保障權(quán)利的實(shí)現(xiàn)，包括將符合條件的成年無(wú)業(yè)重度殘疾人按照單人戶納入最低生活保障范圍，對(duì)貧困和重度殘疾人參加社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)給予補(bǔ)貼，對(duì)殘疾人實(shí)行社會(huì)優(yōu)待等。
Persons with disabilities have equal rights to social security. Following the principles of equality and non-discrimination, the Chinese government protects the right to social security for all citizens, including persons with disabilities. The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China stipulates: “Citizens have the right to material assistance from the state and society when they are old, ill or disabled,” and “The state and society ensure the livelihood of disabled members of the armed forces, provide pensions to the families of martyrs and give preferential treatment to the families of military personnel. The state and society help make arrangements for the work, livelihood and education of the blind, deaf-mute and other handicapped citizens.” The Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Persons with Disabilities states that “the state shall protect the right of persons with disabilities to various social security.” The Social Insurance Law of the People’s Republic of China, Interim Measures for Social Assistance, Regulations on Work-related Injury Insurance, Regulations on Pensions and Preferential Treatments for Servicemen, and some other laws and regulations have specific provisions on the right of persons with disabilities to social security.
The Chinese government undertakes a more positive obligation to ensure the right of persons with disabilities to social security. It includes eligible unemployed adults with severe disabilities in the system of minimum living allowances for single-person households, subsidizes impoverished persons with disabilities and those with severe disabilities in their social insurance, and gives preferential social treatment to persons with disabilities.
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