殘疾人生活保障體系不斷完善。按照“普惠+特惠”的原則，通過完善社會救助制度保障殘疾人的基本生存權利。同時，依法對貧困殘疾人、重度殘疾人、一戶多殘家庭給予重點救助，綜合采取措施保障其基本生活。截至2018年3月，全國共有904.4萬殘疾人享受城鄉(xiāng)最低生活保障。落實國務院《關于進一步健全特困人員救助供養(yǎng)制度的意見》，將近90萬殘疾人納入特困人員救助供養(yǎng)范圍。在城市公租房、舊住宅區(qū)整治建設中，優(yōu)先安排貧困殘疾人住房。2018年，全國共有62萬殘疾人享受公租房保障。各地通過貸款貼息幫助殘疾人進行危房改造。截至2018年，中央財政共支持176.5萬戶農村貧困殘疾人家庭完成危房改造。自2017年起，中央財政集中支持農村貧困殘疾人家庭等4類重點對象改造危房，戶均補貼標準為1.4萬元。將符合條件的貧困殘疾人納入醫(yī)療救助范圍，資助其參加基本醫(yī)療保險，并對基本醫(yī)療保險、大病保險和其他補充醫(yī)療保險支付后難以負擔的個人自負合規(guī)醫(yī)療費用給予補助。部分省市對低收入殘疾人家庭的生活用水、電、氣、暖等基本生活支出給予優(yōu)惠和補貼。
The living security system for persons with disabilities has been improved. Following the principle of “universal benefit plus special treatment”, the Chinese government protects the basic subsistence right of persons with disabilities by improving the social assistance system. At the same time, it makes legal provision for priority assistance to impoverished disabled people, severely disabled people, and households with more than one disabled member, and takes comprehensive measures to meet their basic living needs. By March 2018, over 9 million persons with disabilities had received urban or rural subsistence allowances. The “Directives on Further Improving the Assistance and Support System for People Living in Dire Poverty”, issued by the State Council, has been implemented, which includes nearly 900,000 persons with disabilities in the scope of assistance and support for the destitute.
In the management and renovation of public rental housing and old residential areas in urban areas, priority is given to poor people with disabilities. In 2018, 620,000 persons with disabilities enjoyed public rental housing security. All localities help persons with disabilities to renovate their dilapidated houses through loans with discounted interest. By 2018, the central finance had supported 1.77 million rural poor households with one or more disabled members to renovate their dilapidated houses. Since 2017, the central government has supported four key groups to renovate dilapidated houses, including rural poor households with one or more disabled members, providing an average subsidy of RMB14,000 per household.
Eligible impoverished persons with disabilities are covered by medical assistance, and receive subsidies for basic medical insurance; they also receive subsidies, based on relevant regulations, for unaffordable out-of-pocket medical expenses not covered by the basic medical insurance, serious disease insurance and other supplementary medical insurance. Some provinces and municipalities give preferential policies and subsidies to low-income families with one or more disabled members for the use of domestic water, electricity, gas and heating, and other basic living expenses.
殘疾人福利體系初步建立。建立困難殘疾人生活補貼和重度殘疾人護理補貼制度。2018年，受益殘疾人超過2190萬人次，發(fā)放補貼超過230億元。大力發(fā)展托養(yǎng)服務，殘疾人托養(yǎng)設施逐年增加。截至2018年，全國共有已竣工托養(yǎng)設施791個，總建筑面積214.8萬平方米，共有殘疾人托養(yǎng)機構8435個，為22.3萬殘疾人提供托養(yǎng)服務，有88.8萬殘疾人接受了居家服務。不斷完善殘疾人托養(yǎng)購買服務、評估監(jiān)管和人才培養(yǎng)等機制，制定托養(yǎng)服務國家標準，積極培育社會力量，為殘疾人提供多層次、多元化托養(yǎng)服務。按照國家加快推進殘疾人小康進程的總體規(guī)劃，加快農村托養(yǎng)建設進程，探索以貧困重度殘疾人為主要保障對象的農村托養(yǎng)模式。公園、旅游景點和公共文化體育設施對殘疾人免費或優(yōu)惠開放，為殘疾人發(fā)放專用機動輪椅車燃油補貼，對軍人、警察等特殊傷殘群體實施撫恤和優(yōu)待政策。大多數(shù)城市對殘疾人搭乘市內公共交通工具給予便利和優(yōu)惠。
A welfare system for persons with disabilities has been established. Systems for providing living allowances for poor people with disabilities and nursing subsidies for severely disabled persons have been established. In 2018, more than 21.9 million disabled people benefited from the systems, receiving subsidies of more than RMB23 billion. Vigorous efforts have been made to develop care services, and the number of care facilities for persons with disabilities has increased year by year. By 2018, there were 791 care facilities around China with a total floor area of 2.15 million sq m, and 8,435 care institutions providing residential care services for 223,000 and home services for 888,000 disabled persons. Mechanisms for purchasing such care services, assessment and supervision, and personnel training in this field have been improved; national standards for care services have been formulated; and social forces are encouraged to engage in this work. Through all these efforts, persons with disabilities now have access to multi-level and diverse care services. In accordance with the national plan for accelerating the process toward prosperity for persons with disabilities, the Chinese government has sped up the development of rural care services and a model of rural care with poor and severely disabled people as the major targets.
Parks, tourist attractions, and public cultural and sports facilities are open to persons with disabilities free of charge or at a discount. Fuel subsidies are granted to people with motorized wheelchairs. Pensions and preferential treatment are given to service veterans, police officers, and other special groups with disabilities. Most cities offer conveniences and benefits to persons with disabilities on public transport.
殘疾人社會保險保障力度持續(xù)增強。實施全民參保計劃，加大殘疾人參保支持力度，對招用符合條件的就業(yè)困難殘疾人的企業(yè)給予參保補貼，對城鄉(xiāng)貧困殘疾人和重度殘疾人參保給予補貼。截至2018年，2561.2萬城鄉(xiāng)殘疾人參加城鄉(xiāng)社會養(yǎng)老保險，1024.4萬殘疾人領取養(yǎng)老金。595.2萬重度殘疾人中有576萬人得到了政府參保補助，代繳養(yǎng)老保險費比例達到96.8%；另有298.4萬非重度殘疾人享受全額或部分代繳養(yǎng)老保險費的優(yōu)惠政策。近年來，殘疾人參加各項社會保險的人數(shù)和比例持續(xù)上升，2018年，持證殘疾居民養(yǎng)老保險參保率為79.2%。試點和完善與殘疾人相關的社會保險制度，2010年，國務院修訂《工傷保險條例》，提高工傷致殘補償標準。2018年，全國參加工傷保險人數(shù)為23874萬人，評定傷殘等級人數(shù)為56.9萬人，享受工傷保險待遇人數(shù)為198.5萬人。部分地區(qū)探索殘疾人意外傷害保險制度，財政給予參保補貼，緩解了殘疾家庭的經濟壓力。在全國15個城市試點長期護理保險制度，對符合條件的長期失能殘疾人基本護理服務費用按規(guī)定支付，減輕了殘疾家庭的護理負擔。
Coverage of social insurance for persons with disabilities has continued to expand. The Chinese government has adopted an insurance regime of universal coverage, under which more support is given to persons with disabilities, insurance subsidies are granted to enterprises employing disabled people with difficulties in finding jobs, and subsidies are granted to impoverished disabled persons and severely disabled persons in both urban and rural areas. By 2018, 25.61 million persons with disabilities had been covered by urban and rural social old-age insurance, and 10.24 million received pensions. 5.76 million of the 5.95 million persons with severe disabilities received insurance subsidies from the government, 96.8 percent had their old-age insurance premiums paid on their behalf, and another 2.98 million persons with mild disabilities had their old-age insurance premiums paid by their employers in full or partially. In recent years, the numbers and proportion of persons with disabilities being covered by various social insurances have continued to grow. In 2018, 79.2 percent of residents with certified disabilities were covered by the old-age insurance.
Pilot work has been done to carry out and improve social insurance systems related to persons with disabilities. In 2010, the State Council revised the Regulations on Work-related Injury Insurance to increase the compensation standards for work-related injuries. In 2018, 239 million people took out work-related injury insurance policies, 569,000 people received evaluation of the degree of their disabilities, and almost 2 million people were granted work-related injury compensations. In some areas, an accident insurance system for persons with disabilities has been established with financial subsidies for those insured, which alleviates the financial pressure on families with one or more disabled members. Pilot work has been done to implement a long-term care insurance system in 15 cities, under which the cost of basic care services for eligible persons with long-term disabilities will be paid in accordance with the regulations, which reduces the burden of care for families with one or more disabled members.
上一篇：《平等、參與、共享：新中國殘疾人權益保障70年》白皮書（中英對照全文）V
下一篇：《平等、參與、共享：新中國殘疾人權益保障70年》白皮書（中英對照全文）III
微信公眾號搜索“譯員”關注我們，每天為您推送翻譯理論和技巧，外語學習及翻譯招聘信息。