殘疾人脫貧攻堅深入開展。中共十八大以來，政府將貧困殘疾人脫貧納入國家脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)略布局，并作為脫貧攻堅重要內(nèi)容，在制度設(shè)計、政策安排、項目實施上給予支持。中共中央、國務(wù)院2018年發(fā)布《關(guān)于打贏脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)三年行動的指導(dǎo)意見》，專節(jié)部署貧困殘疾人脫貧行動，確保到2020年貧困殘疾人同全國一道進(jìn)入全面小康社會。國務(wù)院扶貧辦、國家發(fā)展改革委、中國殘聯(lián)等26部門制定《貧困殘疾人脫貧攻堅行動計劃（2016－2020年）》，并制定了電子商務(wù)助殘扶貧行動、產(chǎn)業(yè)扶持助殘扶貧行動等配套實施方案。加大金融資金投入，2011年至2018年，中央財政累計安排康復(fù)扶貧貼息貸款53億元，35萬貧困殘疾人受益。實施精準(zhǔn)扶貧戰(zhàn)略以來，政府將600多萬殘疾人納入貧困戶建檔立卡范圍，截至2018年，建檔立卡貧困殘疾人人數(shù)已減少到169.8萬。
Poverty eradication for persons with disabilities has been advanced. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the government has included poverty eradication for people with disabilities into the national strategy as an important element, and offers support in system design, policy arrangements, and project implementation. In 2018, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the “Directives on Winning the Three-year Poverty Eradication Campaign”, which designates a special section to poverty eradication activities for impoverished people with disabilities to ensure they achieve moderate prosperity with the rest of the country by 2020. Twenty-six departments, including the State Council Leading Group for Poverty Alleviation and Development, National Development and Reform Commission, and CDPF, formulated the “Action Plan on Poverty Eradication for Impoverished Persons with Disabilities (2016-2020)” and supporting programs on lifting these people out of poverty through e-commerce or industrial development. Financial investment has been increased in this regard. From 2011 to 2018, the central finance arranged a total of RMB5.3 billion as subsidized loans for rehabilitation-based poverty alleviation, benefiting 350,000 poor people with disabilities. Since the targeted poverty alleviation strategy was established, the government has registered more than 6 million persons with disabilities as poverty-stricken households in need of help. By 2018, the number of registered poor people with disabilities had decreased to 1.7 million.
七、無障礙環(huán)境建設(shè)與個人行動能力
中國重視無障礙環(huán)境建設(shè)與輔助器具供應(yīng)和適配服務(wù)，逐步完善相關(guān)法律法規(guī)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，不斷加大支持力度。
無障礙環(huán)境建設(shè)形成規(guī)范體系。自1989年《方便殘疾人使用的城市道路和建筑物設(shè)計規(guī)范（試行）》頒布實施以來，中國相繼制定了《無障礙設(shè)計規(guī)范》《無障礙設(shè)施施工驗收及維護(hù)規(guī)范》等國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；發(fā)布實施《城市公共交通設(shè)施無障礙設(shè)計指南》《標(biāo)志用公共信息圖形符號第9部分：無障礙設(shè)施符號》等國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。國家民航、鐵路、工業(yè)和信息化、教育、銀行等主管部門分別制定實施了民用機(jī)場旅客航站區(qū)、鐵路旅客車站、網(wǎng)站及通信終端設(shè)備、特殊教育學(xué)校、銀行等行業(yè)無障礙建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范。2012年，國務(wù)院頒布《無障礙環(huán)境建設(shè)條例》。中共十八大以來，無障礙環(huán)境建設(shè)立法進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)，法律法規(guī)和政策措施呈現(xiàn)明顯增長的態(tài)勢。截至2018年，全國省、地（市）、縣共制定無障礙環(huán)境與管理的法規(guī)、規(guī)章等規(guī)范性文件475部。
VII. Creating an Accessible Environment and Enabling Mobility
China attaches importance to creating an accessible environment and supplying and adapting assistive devices and tools. It has improved relevant laws, regulations and standards, and increased support in this regard.
A system of standards for creating an accessible environment has taken shape. After the “Design Standards of Urban Roads and Buildings for the Convenience of Persons with Disabilities (Trial)” came into effect in 1989, China has formulated the “Codes for Accessibility Design”, the “Construction Acceptance and Maintenance Standards of the Barrier-free Facilities” and other national standards, and issued the “Accessibility Design Guide for Urban Public Transport Facilities” and the “Public Information Graphical Symbols for Use on Sign – Part 9: Symbols for Accessible Facilities”. The administrative departments of civil aviation, rail, industry and information technology, education, and banking have drawn up construction codes for accessibility facilities in passenger terminals of civil airports, passenger railway stations, websites, telecommunications terminal devices, special education schools, and banks. In 2012, the State Council issued the Regulations on the Building of an Accessible Environment. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, legislation on creating an accessible environment has been intensified and the number of relevant laws, regulations, policies and measures has seen an obvious increase. By 2018, 475 rules and regulations on creating and managing an accessible environment had been made by authorities of provinces, prefectures (cities) and counties.
城鄉(xiāng)無障礙環(huán)境建設(shè)由點到面有序推進(jìn)?！笆濉逼陂g，在12個城市開展了創(chuàng)建全國無障礙設(shè)施建設(shè)示范城市活動；“十一五”期間，創(chuàng)建活動擴(kuò)展到100個城市；“十二五”期間，50個市縣獲選全國無障礙建設(shè)示范市縣，143個市縣獲選全國無障礙建設(shè)創(chuàng)建市縣。2015年2月，住房城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)部、民政部、中國殘聯(lián)等部門發(fā)布了《關(guān)于加強(qiáng)村鎮(zhèn)無障礙環(huán)境建設(shè)的指導(dǎo)意見》，推進(jìn)無障礙環(huán)境建設(shè)由城市逐步向農(nóng)村發(fā)展。開展無障礙環(huán)境市縣村鎮(zhèn)創(chuàng)建工作。截至2018年，全國所有直轄市、計劃單列市、省會城市都開展了創(chuàng)建全國無障礙建設(shè)城市的工作，開展無障礙建設(shè)的市、縣達(dá)到1702個；全國村（社區(qū)）綜合服務(wù)設(shè)施中已有75%的出入口、40%的服務(wù)柜臺、30%的廁所進(jìn)行了無障礙建設(shè)和改造。政府加快了殘疾人家庭無障礙改造進(jìn)度，2016年至2018年共有298.6萬戶殘疾人家庭得到無障礙改造。
Creating an accessible environment has been expanded from pilot cities to the whole country in an orderly manner. During the 10th Five-year Plan period (2001-2005), 12 cities were selected as demonstration cities for creating an accessible environment. This was expanded to 100 cities during the 11th Five-year Plan period (2006-2010). During the 12th Five-year Plan period (2011-2015), 50 cities and counties were cited as models in building an accessible environment and 143 cities or counties were selected as models in innovative building of an accessible environment. In February 2015, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Ministry of Civil Affairs, CDPF and some other ministries jointly issued the “Guiding Opinions on Improving Accessibility in Towns and Villages” to extend the campaign to rural areas. More efforts have been made to create more such models. By 2018, all municipalities directly under the central government, cities specifically designated in the state plan, and provincial capitals had started building an accessible environment. A thousand seven hundred and two cities and counties had initiated efforts to improve accessibility and remove barriers. Among comprehensive service facilities in villages or communities across the country, 75 percent of entrances, 40 percent of service counters and 30 percent of restrooms have been constructed or upgraded for accessibility. The government has also accelerated the pace of adapting the houses of families with disabled members, and improved almost 3 million of such houses between 2016 and 2018.
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