殘疾人個(gè)人行動(dòng)能力得到提升。公安部不斷放寬殘疾人申領(lǐng)駕駛證條件，已有27.9萬肢體、聽力等殘障人員申領(lǐng)駕駛證?！稓埣踩撕娇者\(yùn)輸管理辦法》要求承運(yùn)人、機(jī)場和機(jī)場地面服務(wù)代理人為具備乘機(jī)條件的殘疾人免費(fèi)提供登機(jī)、離機(jī)所需要的移動(dòng)輔助設(shè)備。每列火車預(yù)留殘疾人旅客專用票額。盲人可以免費(fèi)乘坐市內(nèi)公交。制定《導(dǎo)盲犬》國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。積極發(fā)展網(wǎng)絡(luò)、電話預(yù)約出租汽車服務(wù)，方便殘疾人群體乘車出行。
The personal mobility of persons with disabilities has been improved. The Ministry of Public Security has relaxed the restrictions preventing persons with disabilities from applying for a driving license, and 279,000 people with physical or hearing disabilities have gained licenses. “Measures for the Administration of Air Transport for Persons with Disabilities” require transport providers, airports and airport ground service agents to provide sufficient free mobility assistive facilities to enable eligible disabled persons to embark and disembark. All trains should reserve a certain quota of tickets for persons with disabilities. Visually impaired people can ride city buses for free. China has drawn up national standards for guide dogs. The government has also developed online and telephone taxi reservation services for those with disabilities.
八、人身自由與非歧視
中國禁止基于殘疾的歧視，制定特別保護(hù)措施，保護(hù)殘疾人的生命權(quán)和人身自由，保障殘疾人平等享有各項(xiàng)公民權(quán)利。
殘疾人人身權(quán)利得到法律嚴(yán)格保護(hù)。《中華人民共和國刑法》《中華人民共和國民法總則》《中華人民共和國侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》《中華人民共和國婚姻法》《中華人民共和國未成年人保護(hù)法》《中華人民共和國勞動(dòng)合同法》《中華人民共和國精神衛(wèi)生法》《中華人民共和國反家庭暴力法》等相關(guān)法律對殘疾人的人身權(quán)利作出相應(yīng)規(guī)定，對虐待、遺棄、故意傷害殘疾人等行為依法予以懲處。《中華人民共和國殘疾人保障法》全面具體規(guī)定了殘疾人人身權(quán)利及保障措施。
VIII. Personal Freedom and Non-Discrimination
China prohibits any forms of disability discrimination. It has drawn up specific measures to protect the right to life and personal freedom of persons with disabilities and ensure that they enjoy equal rights as other citizens.
Personal rights of persons with disabilities are fully protected by laws. In China, the Criminal Law, General Provisions of the Civil Law, Tort Law, Marriage Law, Law on the Protection of Minors, Labor Contract Law, Mental Health Law, Anti-domestic Violence Law and many other laws define the personal rights of persons with disabilities and stipulate the punishments for maltreating, abandoning, or maliciously injuring them. The Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Persons with Disabilities makes full and detailed provisions for their personal rights and defines measures to protect them.
適時(shí)調(diào)整相關(guān)機(jī)制保障殘疾人人身自由。廢除收容遣送制度，對包括殘疾人在內(nèi)的流浪乞討人員實(shí)行自愿救助；廢除對麻風(fēng)病人實(shí)行嚴(yán)格隔離的做法，讓患者回歸家庭和社區(qū)；實(shí)施“中央補(bǔ)助地方嚴(yán)重精神障礙管理治療項(xiàng)目”，嚴(yán)重精神障礙患者登記報(bào)告、救治救助、隨訪服務(wù)等已覆蓋全國。
Efforts have been made to adjust mechanisms for protecting the personal freedom of those with disabilities. The state has abolished the system to shelter and send back vagrants and beggars – including those with disabilities – to their homes, but provides assistance to them in line with their own free choice. The practice of isolating lepers from family or community has been abrogated. The central government has established a nationwide program to subsidize local governments for the management and treatment of serious mental illnesses, so as to register, report and rehabilitate such patients through medical treatment and follow-up.
加大對侵犯殘疾人人身自由犯罪的打擊力度。《中華人民共和國殘疾人保障法》禁止任何單位和個(gè)人以暴力、威脅或者非法限制人身自由的手段強(qiáng)迫殘疾人勞動(dòng)。為切實(shí)保障殘疾人人身自由和安全，刑法修正案（六）增加“強(qiáng)迫組織殘疾人、兒童乞討罪”，刑法修正案（九）增加對殘疾人負(fù)監(jiān)護(hù)、看護(hù)職責(zé)的人虐待殘疾人，情節(jié)惡劣的，要承擔(dān)刑事責(zé)任條款。最高人民檢察院等部門發(fā)布《關(guān)于在檢察工作中切實(shí)維護(hù)殘疾人合法權(quán)益的意見》，要求對強(qiáng)迫智力殘疾人勞動(dòng)、拐賣殘疾婦女兒童等違法犯罪行為依法從重打擊。公安部開展整治強(qiáng)迫、誘騙未成年殘疾人流浪乞討和強(qiáng)迫、拐騙聾啞青少年違法犯罪行為專項(xiàng)行動(dòng)。人力資源社會(huì)保障部開展整治非法用工專項(xiàng)行動(dòng)。最高人民法院、中國殘聯(lián)聯(lián)合發(fā)布《關(guān)于在審判執(zhí)行工作中切實(shí)維護(hù)殘疾人合法權(quán)益的意見》等規(guī)范性文件，對侵害殘疾人權(quán)益的犯罪行為，依法嚴(yán)厲懲處，切實(shí)保護(hù)殘疾人的人身財(cái)產(chǎn)安全。
Action has been stepped up against crimes that violate the personal freedom of persons with disabilities. The Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Persons with Disabilities forbids any entity or individual to force any person with disability to work by means of violence, threat or illegal restriction of personal freedom. The Amendment VI to the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China adds a crime of “organizing any disabled person or any minor to go begging”, and the Amendment IX to the Criminal Law adds a clause defining the criminal responsibility borne by anyone with a duty to ward or nurse a disabled person who maltreats the person under his or her guardianship or provides improper care. The Supreme People’s Court and the CDPF jointly issued the “Directives on Effectively Protecting the Lawful Rights and Interests of Persons with Disabilities in Trial and Enforcement” and other regulatory documents, requiring stiff punishments in accordance with the law for crimes that violate the rights and interests of these people, so as to effectively ensure their safety and protect their property. The Supreme People’s Procuratorate and other departments issued the “Directives on Effectively Protecting the Lawful Rights and Interests of Persons with Disabilities in Procuratorial Work”, requiring severe punishments in accordance with the law for crimes like forcing persons with intellectual disabilities to labor or trafficking disabled women and children. The Ministry of Public Security launched a special campaign against crimes that force or lure disabled minors to beg or deaf juveniles to commit crimes. The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security also initiated a special effort to control illegal employment.
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