今天我講的話題是語言與文化的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，重點(diǎn)講第二語言學(xué)習(xí)與第二文化學(xué)習(xí)之間的關(guān)系及其重要意義。
文化是指一個(gè)民族的整個(gè)生活方式。這一簡(jiǎn)單定義的含義使文化包括了這樣一些內(nèi)容，即一個(gè)民族的風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)、社會(huì)習(xí)慣、價(jià)值觀、信仰、語言、思維方式以及日?；顒?dòng)，它們都屬于文化的范疇。文化還包含了文明史。從廣義上說，有兩種文化，即物質(zhì)文化和精神文化。物質(zhì)文化是具體的、可見的，而精神文化則比較蘊(yùn)蓄，比較抽象。
My topic today is the inherent link between language and culture. I will focus on the relationship between second language learning and second culture learning, as well as on the significance of the relationship.
Culture means the total way of life of a people. This simple definition implies. that culture refers to the customs, traditions,
social habits, values, beliefs, language, ways of thinking, and daily activities of a people. It also includes the history of civilization. In the broad sense, there are two types of culture, that is, material culture and spiritual culture. Material culture is concrete and observable, while spiritual culture is implicit and abstract.
由于人類語言是文化的直接表現(xiàn)，所以學(xué)習(xí)第二語言涉及學(xué)習(xí)第二文化。第二語言教師應(yīng)該引導(dǎo)學(xué)生注意并了解他們所學(xué)語言的文化內(nèi)容，包括理解外族文化的價(jià)值觀，掌握外族文化的禮儀，了解外族文化與本族文化之間的差異。
隨著學(xué)生對(duì)外語學(xué)習(xí)的不斷深化，他們會(huì)增進(jìn)對(duì)所學(xué)語言民族的文化特征的認(rèn)識(shí)。這種開闊了的文化認(rèn)識(shí)可以涉及文化的所有方面：外族人的生活方式，外族社會(huì)的地理、歷史、經(jīng)濟(jì)、藝術(shù)和科學(xué)等內(nèi)容。我們知道，每個(gè)民族的文化有不同于其他民族文化的禮儀規(guī)范。因此，學(xué)生在上外語課時(shí)應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)語民族的那些恰當(dāng)?shù)皿w的禮儀規(guī)范，學(xué)習(xí)、理解陌生的文化習(xí)俗，學(xué)習(xí)在與外族人交際時(shí)
應(yīng)有的言談舉止。
Because human language is a direct manifestation of culture, learning a second language involves learning a second culture. For the teacher of a second language, he or she should make sure to develop the students'awareness and knowledge of the culture of the target language they are learning. This includes understanding the values of the target culture, acquiring a command of the etiquette of the target culture and understanding the differences between the target culture and the learners' own culture.
As students progress through a foreign language program, it is expected that they will increase their awareness of the cultural characteristics of the speakers of the language under study. This broadened cultural knowledge may touch on all aspects of culture: the people's way of life as well as the geographic, historical, economic, artistic, and scientific aspects of the target society. We know that each culture has different etiquette patterns. And therefore, in a foreign language course, students should learn the appropriate etiquette patterns expected of the people living in the country where the target language is spoken. Students should also learn how to interpret unfamiliar cultural conventions and how to act appropriately when communicating with the persons of the foreign culture.
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下一篇：口譯例文——繼往開來/The New Beginning of an Old Story
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