hemorrhage, bleeding出血

infarction梗塞，梗死

infection傳染

inflammation炎癥

ketoacidosis酮酸中毒

metastasis轉移

perforation穿孔

necrosis壞死

shock休克

response反應，應答

reaction反應，感應

thrombosis血栓形成

ulceration潰瘍

fever, pyrexia發(fā)燒，發(fā)熱

continuous fever稽留熱

intermittent fever間歇熱

low-grade fever低熱

remittent fever馳張熱

relapsing fever回歸熱

pain痛

burning pain灼痛

chest(flank,…) pain胸（脅腹…）痛

cramp-like pain痙攣性痛

dull, diffused pain彌漫性鈍痛

pleuritic pain胸膜炎性痛

radiating pain (pain radiating to…)放射性痛（放射到…疼痛）angina絞痛

cardiac angina心絞痛

backache背痛

colic絞痛，急腹痛

earache耳痛

headache頭痛

neuralgia神經(jīng)痛

migraine偏頭痛

rebound tenderness反跳痛

somatalgia軀體痛

sore throat咽喉痛

stomachache胃痛

toothache牙痛

bloody sputum帶血的痰

cough咳嗽

dry cough干咳

expectoration咳痰

expectoration of blood咳血

hemoptysis咳血

anoxia缺氧

apnea呼吸暫停，窒息

asthma氣喘，哮喘

Cheyne Stokes respiration切－斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸

dyspnea呼吸困難

hyperpnea hyperventilation過度呼吸，換氣過度

hypopnea呼吸不全， 呼吸淺表

hypoxia低氧，缺氧

orthopnea端坐呼吸

respiratory arrest呼吸停止

suffocation窒息

tachypnea呼吸急促

fetid breath口臭

fruity breath呼吸有水果味

arrhythmia心律失常，心律不齊

atelectasis肺不張，肺膨脹不全

cardiac arrest心搏驟停

cardiac hypertrophy心臟肥大

cyanosis發(fā)紺，青紫

distension of jugular vein頸靜脈怒張

extrasystole期外收縮

gallop rhythm奔馬律

hemopleura血胸

hepatojugular reflux肝頸靜脈回流

hypovolemia（循環(huán)）血容量減少

palpitation心悸

tachycardia心動過速

pneumothorax氣胸

thrill震顫

absent breath sounds呼吸音消失

dull sound濁音

hyperresonant鼓音

rale啰音

rhonchus, rhonchi鼾音，干啰音

wheeze哮鳴音

anorexia, loss of appetite食欲不振，厭食

dysphagia吞咽困難

eructation噯氣

belching噯氣

flatulence氣脹

flatus腸胃氣，屁

gaseous distention胃脹氣

hematemesis嘔血

hiccough, hiccup打呃，呃逆

nausea惡心

pyrosis胃灼熱

regurgitation反胃，回流

thirsty口渴

vomiting嘔吐

anal fissure, crack in the anal canal肛裂

ascites腹水

board-like rigidity of the abdomen板狀腹

decreased tactile fremitus觸覺性震顫減弱

exophageal varices食管靜脈曲張

fistula瘺，瘺管

hemorrhoid痔

hernia疝

hepatomegaly肝腫大

intussusception腸套疊

jaundice黃疸

muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall腹壁肌衛(wèi)

peristalsis蠕動

loss of peristalsis蠕動消失

mass peristalsis總蠕動

retrograde (reversed) peristalsis逆蠕動

prolapse脫垂

prolapse of anus脫肛

rectal prolapse直腸脫垂，脫肛

volvulus腸扭轉

calculus結石， 石

biliary calculus膽結石

vesical calculus膀胱結石

constipation便秘

defecation排便

diarrhea腹瀉 

incontinence of feces大便失禁

hematochezia便血 

fecal impaction大便嵌塞

occult blood潛血 

painful straining with defecation排便痛性牽動

clay colored stools陶土色便 

dark, granular/coffee ground emesis咖啡樣嘔吐物

fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting嘔糞，吐糞

foul fatty stools, steatorrhea惡臭脂肪便，脂肪痢

scanty and hard stools便少而硬

tarry (black) stools柏油樣便

anuria無尿

burning sensation no urination排尿時的灼燒感

dysurea排尿困難，尿痛

enuresis, bed wetting遺尿

frequency of urination尿頻

micturation排尿

uresis, urination, voiding排尿

nocturia夜尿

oliguria少尿

polyuria多尿

tenesmus里急后重

vesical tenesmus排尿時里急后重

uremia coma尿毒癥昏迷

urgency of urination尿急

urinary incontinence尿失禁

aciduria酸尿

chyluria乳糜尿

cylindruia管型尿

glycosuria糖尿

hematuria血尿

ketonuria酮尿

pneumatinuria氣尿

proteinuria蛋白尿

pyuria膿尿 

amenorrhea經(jīng)閉，無月經(jīng)

dysmenorrhea痛經(jīng)

menorrhagia月經(jīng)過多

lochia惡露

menorrhea行經(jīng)，月經(jīng)過多

menstruation月經(jīng)

uterine contraction子宮收縮

blotch斑點

bruise挫傷，青腫

acne痤瘡，粉刺