六、中醫(yī)藥發(fā)展

    中醫(yī)藥在中國有著悠久的歷史，是中華民族在生產(chǎn)生活實(shí)踐以及治療疾病過程中形成和發(fā)展的醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)，是中華民族智慧的結(jié)晶，為中華民族繁衍昌盛作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。中醫(yī)藥在治療常見病、多發(fā)病和疑難病等方面獨(dú)具特色和優(yōu)勢，在治療傳染性疾病方面也有良好效果，并以其費(fèi)用低、療效好、副作用小等特點(diǎn)，深受中國公眾喜愛，在醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生保健中發(fā)揮著不可替代的重要作用。中國政府一貫積極扶持和促進(jìn)中醫(yī)藥事業(yè)的發(fā)展。

    建立覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)的中醫(yī)醫(yī)療服務(wù)體系。在城市，形成了以中醫(yī)醫(yī)院、民族醫(yī)醫(yī)院、中西醫(yī)結(jié)合醫(yī)院、中醫(yī)?？漆t(yī)院、綜合醫(yī)院中醫(yī)科、社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)及中醫(yī)門診部和中醫(yī)診所為主的城市中醫(yī)藥服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。在農(nóng)村，形成了由縣級中醫(yī)醫(yī)院、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)衛(wèi)生院中醫(yī)科和村衛(wèi)生室為主的農(nóng)村中醫(yī)藥服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。目前，75.6%的社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心、51.6%的社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)站、66.5%的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)衛(wèi)生院、57.5%的村衛(wèi)生室能夠提供中醫(yī)藥服務(wù)。

VI. Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a long history in China, and is a medical science formed and developed by the Chinese people in their daily work and life as well as attempts to treat diseases. TCM is the crystallization of the wisdom of the Chinese people, and has made important contributions to the continuance and thriving of the Chinese nation. Known for its unique characteristics and advantages in curing common diseases, frequently occurring diseases and complicated diseases, TCM has also proved effective in treating infectious diseases and is very popular among the Chinese public for its low cost, satisfactory curative action and mild side effects. TCM plays an irreplaceable role in China's medical and healthcare endeavors, and the Chinese government has always supported and promoted its development.

Networks of TCM medical services have been established to cover both urban and rural areas. Networks of TCM medical services now cover Chinese cities, providing services for urban residents through TCM hospitals, ethnic-medicine hospitals, hospitals of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, specialized TCM hospitals, TCM departments of general hospitals, community health services, TCM outpatient departments and TCM clinics. In the rural areas, TCM service networks have also been developed to serve rural residents through county-level TCM hospitals, and TCM departments or sections of township hospitals and village clinics. Currently, 75.6% of community health service centers, 51.6% of community health service stations, 66.5% of village and township hospitals and 57.5% of village clinics can provide TCM services.

    形成獨(dú)具特色的中醫(yī)藥人才培養(yǎng)體系。國家把人才培養(yǎng)作為中醫(yī)藥事業(yè)發(fā)展的根本，加強(qiáng)名老中醫(yī)藥專家學(xué)術(shù)思想和經(jīng)驗(yàn)繼承工作以及優(yōu)秀中醫(yī)臨床人才培養(yǎng)，加強(qiáng)社區(qū)、農(nóng)村基層中醫(yī)藥人才的培養(yǎng)，基本形成了院校教育、師承教育、繼續(xù)教育多形式、多層次、多途徑的中醫(yī)藥教育體系，初步建立起社區(qū)、農(nóng)村基層中醫(yī)藥人才培養(yǎng)機(jī)制。截至2011年，全國共有高等中醫(yī)藥、民族醫(yī)藥院校46所，高等教育中醫(yī)藥類在校生人數(shù)55.3萬人，衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)中醫(yī)類別執(zhí)業(yè)(助理)醫(yī)師29.4萬人，中藥師(士)9.7萬人。

    推進(jìn)中醫(yī)藥現(xiàn)代化。積極利用現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)，推進(jìn)中醫(yī)藥的理論和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，在中醫(yī)基礎(chǔ)理論、臨床診療、中藥技術(shù)等領(lǐng)域取得重要成果。推進(jìn)中藥產(chǎn)業(yè)化和現(xiàn)代化，中藥產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模、技術(shù)水平大幅提高。目前，全國中藥生產(chǎn)企業(yè)近1500家。中藥產(chǎn)品種類、數(shù)量、生產(chǎn)工藝水平有了很大提高。重視和保護(hù)中醫(yī)藥的文化價(jià)值，41項(xiàng)中醫(yī)藥項(xiàng)目列入國家非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄。

A unique training system for qualified TCM professionals has been developed. The state takes the cultivation of qualified professionals as the cornerstone for the development of TCM. China has enhanced its efforts to pass down the academic achievements and experience of renowned and senior TCM experts as well as the training of high-caliber professionals in clinical practice. An education system for TCM personnel has been basically developed in the forms of academic education, master-apprentice tutorials and continued education at different levels and through different channels. By 2011, China had a total of 46 institutions of higher learning specializing in TCM and ethnic medicine, with 553,000 undergraduate students of TCM on campus, as well as 294,000 practitioners and assistant doctors of TCM, in addition to 97,000 licensed and assistant pharmacists in TCM.

A modernization drive for TCM has been initiated. The state has proactively promoted theoretical and technical innovations in TCM through the application of modern science and technology, and has gained important achievements in basic TCM theory, clinical diagnosis and treatment, TCM technology and other related areas. China promotes the industrialization and modernization of TCM, and as a result the industrial scale and technical level of TCM has increased markedly. Currently, there are about 1,500 manufacturers of TCM pharmaceuticals in China, and the variety, quantity and processing technique of TCM pharmaceuticals have improved by a wide margin. The state attaches importance to the protection of TCM's cultural values, and 41 TCM programs have been included on the nation's intangible heritage list.