全面放開外貿(mào)經(jīng)營權(quán)。促進(jìn)經(jīng)營主體多元化，激發(fā)各類企業(yè)開展貿(mào)易的積極性。自2004年7月起，中國對企業(yè)的外貿(mào)經(jīng)營權(quán)由審批制改為備案登記制，極大地釋放了民營企業(yè)的外貿(mào)活力，民營企業(yè)進(jìn)出口發(fā)展迅速，份額持續(xù)擴(kuò)大，成為對外貿(mào)易的重要經(jīng)營主體。民營企業(yè)和外商投資企業(yè)進(jìn)出口占全國進(jìn)出口總額的比重由2001年的57.5%上升到2017年的83.7%。2017年，作為第一大出口經(jīng)營主體的民營企業(yè)出口占比達(dá)46.6%。
?。ㄈ┞男蟹?wù)貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域開放承諾
廣泛開放服務(wù)市場。大力推動服務(wù)業(yè)各領(lǐng)域快速發(fā)展，提高服務(wù)業(yè)對國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的貢獻(xiàn)。在世貿(mào)組織分類的12大類服務(wù)部門的160個分部門中，中國承諾開放9大類的100個分部門，接近發(fā)達(dá)成員平均承諾開放108個分部門的水平。截至2007年，中國服務(wù)貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域開放承諾已全部履行完畢。
Liberalizing the right to trade. To diversify entities and stimulate their enthusiasm to engage in foreign trade, in July 2004 China replaced approval system with registration system for foreign trade authorization, releasing immense vigor of private businesses which has led to a surge of foreign trade in the private sector. With rapid growth and an increasing share of the market, private companies have become important actors in China’s foreign trade. In 2017, foreign trade by private companies and foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) accounted for 83.7 percent of the country’s total trade volume, up from 57.5 percent in 2001. In 2017, Chinese private companies, which take the largest share of China's exports, contributed 46.6 percent of all goods and services exported.
3. Fulfilling commitments on trade in services
Extensively opening up the services market. China has striven to boost the services industry and increase its share of contribution to the economy. Of the 160 services sub-sectors under the 12-sector WTO classification, China committed to opening up 100 sub-sectors under 9 sectors, a level approximate to the average 108 sub-sectors committed by the developed members of the WTO. By 2007, China had honored all of its commitments on trade in services.
持續(xù)減少限制措施。逐步降低服務(wù)領(lǐng)域外資準(zhǔn)入門檻，按期取消服務(wù)領(lǐng)域的地域和數(shù)量限制，不斷擴(kuò)大允許外資從事服務(wù)領(lǐng)域的業(yè)務(wù)范圍。其中，在快遞、銀行、財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn)等54個服務(wù)分部門允許設(shè)立外商獨(dú)資企業(yè)，在計(jì)算機(jī)、環(huán)境等23個分部門允許外資控股，在電信、鐵路運(yùn)輸、旅游等80個分部門給予外資國民待遇。2010年，中國服務(wù)業(yè)吸引外商直接投資額首次超過制造業(yè)，2017年吸引外商直接投資額占比達(dá)到73%。
?。ㄋ模┞男兄R產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)承諾
加強(qiáng)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)是中國的主動作為。加強(qiáng)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)是完善產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)制度最重要的內(nèi)容，也是提高中國經(jīng)濟(jì)競爭力最大的激勵。中國推進(jìn)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)，不僅符合自身發(fā)展需要，也有助于進(jìn)一步完善法治化、國際化、便利化的營商環(huán)境。中國鼓勵中外企業(yè)開展正常技術(shù)交流合作，依法保護(hù)在華外資企業(yè)合法知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，同時，希望外國政府加強(qiáng)對中國知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)。
Continuously reducing restrictions. China has step by step lowered the threshold for foreign investment to enter the services sectors in China, lifted geographical and quantitative restrictions on services according to schedule, and constantly broadened the business scope for foreign investment in the services sectors. China has permitted wholly foreign-owned enterprises in 54 sub-sectors such as courier, banking and property insurance services, allowed foreign majority ownership in 23 sub-sectors such as computer and environment services, and accorded national treatment to foreign capital in 80 sub-sectors such as telecommunication, rail transport, and tourism services. In 2010, foreign direct investment (FDI) flowing into China’s services industry surpassed that into manufacturing industry for the first time. In 2017, FDI in the services industry made up 73 percent of all FDI in China.
4. Fulfilling commitments on IPR protection
Strengthening IPR protection on China’s own initiative. Strengthening IPR protection is the centerpiece for improving the property rights protection system, and it would provide the biggest boost to the competitiveness of the Chinese economy. It not only serves China’s own development needs, but also helps cultivate a business environment that is law-based, internationalized and business-friendly. China encourages technological exchanges and cooperation between Chinese and foreign enterprises, and protects the lawful IPR owned by foreign enterprises in China. At the same time, we hope foreign governments will also improve protection of Chinese IPR.
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