5.The isotopic composition of lead often varies from one source of common copper ore to another，with variations exceeding the measurement error；and preliminary studies indicate virtually uniform is topic composition of the lead from a single copper-ore source. (4)
鉛的同位素構(gòu)成經(jīng)常在一種普通銅礦石來源與另一種銅礦石來源之間存在差異，其差異程度超出測量誤差；而最初的研究表明，對于來自單獨(dú)一個銅礦石來源的鉛來說，其同位素構(gòu)成幾乎是毫無二致的。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語、專業(yè)抽象詞
解釋：本句是一個怪異的現(xiàn)象的典型例子：句子的結(jié)構(gòu)談不上復(fù)雜，所用單詞也不難，但是除非讀者有理工科的科研（最好是材料科學(xué)的科研）背景，否則句子雖然能夠得讀下來，但是卻搞不清句子說的是什么意思。首先，句子中出現(xiàn)的一些詞匯雖然也都比較常見，但是在理科文章中出現(xiàn)，就有了專有名詞的意味，同時還帶有很抽象的學(xué)術(shù)含義，筆者稱之為專業(yè)抽象詞，如isotopic composition;source;variation;measurement error;preliminary study等。認(rèn)識這些單詞，并不意味著懂得它們在文章的意義和作用。比如說measurement error，大家都可以望文生義地理解成測量錯誤、測量誤差，但是在對文章的閱讀中這種字面上的理解是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的。其實(shí)此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的并不是測量中出現(xiàn)的錯誤和毛病，而是指那些每次測量都會發(fā)生的、永遠(yuǎn)也無法避免的、在測量值和實(shí)際值之間的正常的差異。因此，本句話的真實(shí)含義也難以理解。句子只是羅列了一堆事實(shí)，而作者真正想說的意思是什么呢？其實(shí)variations exceeding the measurement error的言外之意是這些不同variations是真正有意義的不同，而不是試驗(yàn)的誤差；那么不同礦源的銅礦的鉛同位素成分真的不同，相同的礦源的鉛同位素幾乎相同，就意味著我們可以通過測量鉛同位素的成分來確定銅礦的礦源(挖掘地)。
意群訓(xùn)練：The isotopic composition of lead often varies from one source of common copper ore to another，with variations exceeding the measurement error；and preliminary studies indicate virtually uniform is topic composition of the lead from a single copper-ore source.◎
6.More probable is bird transport，either externally，by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers，or internally，by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the seeds. （3+）
更有可能的是鳥類運(yùn)輸：或者是通過外部途徑，即由于種籽偶然粘附在羽毛上；或者是通過內(nèi)部方式，即由于鳥類吞食果子并隨后將種籽排泄出來。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語、倒裝
解釋：句首有一個倒裝，正常語序是bird transport is more probable。后面的句子中由于插入部分的頻繁出現(xiàn)使句子顯得十分凌亂。
意群訓(xùn)練：More probable is bird transport，either externally，by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers，or internally，by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the seeds.
7.A long-held view of the history of English colonies that became the United States has been that England’s policy toward these colonies before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests and that a change to a more imperial policy , dominated by expansionist militarist objectives , generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution . （4+）
一個對于后來成了美國的英國殖民地的歷史的長久以來的觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為英國在1763年以前對于這些殖民地的政策被經(jīng)濟(jì)利益所支配，而且認(rèn)為一種向著更大程度帝國制度的政策上的轉(zhuǎn)變——為擴(kuò)張主義的軍事目標(biāo)所左右——產(chǎn)生了最終導(dǎo)致美國革命的緊張氣氛。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語
解釋：主架構(gòu)簡單，可是主語和表語從句都不讓人省心。句子的主干其實(shí)就是：A long-held view has been that..。但是主語A long-held view之后卻是修飾它的一個三層的定語：of the history of the english colonies that became the United States。系動詞has been之后所接的表語從句其實(shí)不止一個，其實(shí)原句是用了and來連接兩個并列的表語從句，has been that…and has been that…。后面的has been照例被省略。
意群訓(xùn)練：A long-held view of the history of English colonies that became the United States has been that England’s policy toward these colonies before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests and that a change to a more imperial policy , dominated by expansionist militarist objectives , generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution .
8.It is not known how rare this resemblance is，or whether it is most often seen in inclusions of silicates such as garnet，whose crystallography is generally somewhat similar to that of diamond； but when present，the resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence that the diamonds and inclusions are truly cogenetic. （4）
現(xiàn)在尚不知這種類似稀少到何種地步，也不知道是否它最常見于象石榴石一類的硅酸鹽內(nèi)含物中，而這類物質(zhì)的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)普遍地在某種程度上類似于金剛石的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)。但一旦存在，這種類似就被視作極有說服力的證據(jù)，證明金剛石與內(nèi)含物確是同源的。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語
解釋：本句的句子既長，專有名詞又多，從句層出不窮，故而難懂。在本句中出現(xiàn)的專有名詞中，除了silicates硅酸鹽這個單詞常常出現(xiàn)于理科文章中，需要記憶之外，其他單詞閱讀現(xiàn)場簡單處理一番既可：inclusions可以猜出是被包含的物質(zhì)；garnet作首字母提煉叫g(shù):crystallography只要能從詞頭推出這個單詞與晶體有關(guān)即可。
意群訓(xùn)練：It is not known how rare this resemblance is，or whether it is most often seen in inclusions of silicates such as garnet，whose crystallography is generally somewhat similar to that of diamond； but when present，the resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence that the diamonds and inclusions are truly cogenetic.
9.Even the "radical" critiques of this mainstream research model，such as the critique developed in Divided Society，attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically to factors of economic and social mobility and are thus unable to illuminate the cultural subordination of Puerto Ricans as a colonial minority. （4+）
即使是對這一主流研究模型的“激進(jìn)”批評，諸如《分裂的社會》（Divided Society）一書中所提出的那種批判，亦將少數(shù)民族同化問題過分機(jī)構(gòu)地與經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會移動性的因素聯(lián)系起來，因此無從闡明波多黎各人作為一個殖民地少數(shù)民族的文化從屬關(guān)系。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語、省略、抽象詞
解釋：本句實(shí)際上是由and連接的兩個句子，閱讀的一個難度在于，and之后省略了they(此處指前面的主語the radical critiques，)而are thus able to 又與前面離得太遠(yuǎn)，使讀者難以找到主語。
另外，句中的固定搭配attach A to B和illuminate C as D當(dāng)中的A、B、C，全部既長又抽象，理解起來較為困難。
意群訓(xùn)練：Even the "radical" critiques of this mainstream research model，such as the critique developed in Divided Society，attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically to factors of economic and social mobility and are thus unable to illuminate the cultural subordination of Puerto Ricans as a colonial minority.
責(zé)任編輯：admin
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