我很高興有機(jī)會(huì)向各位介紹中國(guó)的主要傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，尤其是介紹中國(guó)最重要的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日——春節(jié)。
同世界其他地區(qū)一樣，節(jié)日在中國(guó)是人們勤于烹調(diào)、飽享口福的時(shí)候。菜市場(chǎng)魚(yú)肉滿架，購(gòu)物和烹調(diào)成了人們的主要活動(dòng)。但是節(jié)慶膳食除了在數(shù)量和質(zhì)量上與平日不同之外，一些歷史悠久、具有象征意義的特色食物也是節(jié)日必不可缺的伴侶。
I'm very happy to have the opportunity to talk to you about major traditional Chinese holidays and in particular about the Spring Festival, the most important Chinese holiday.
Like in the rest of the world, holidays in China are a time to enjoy good cooking and eating, Grocery markets are well stocked with all kinds of fish and meat and shopping and cooking become major activities. But in addition to the quantitative and qualitative differences apparent in holiday meals, some special traditional foods with their symbolic significance are indispensable on these occasions.
例如農(nóng)歷5月5日的端午節(jié)，人們過(guò)端午節(jié)是為了紀(jì)念被昏君貶官放逐而抱石投江自盡的古代詩(shī)人和忠臣屈原。最初人們將以蘆葦葉包扎好的糯米粽子投人屈原自盡的那條江，以祭祀亡靈。今天，人們?cè)诙宋绻?jié)時(shí)舉行龍舟比賽，而粽子則由活生生的人來(lái)享用。
農(nóng)歷8月15日的中秋節(jié)是觀賞滿月的日子。圓圓的月亮象征著圓滿，進(jìn)而象征著家庭團(tuán)聚。中秋節(jié)日的特制食品是一種圓形的月餅，內(nèi)含核桃仁、蜜餞、豆沙或蛋黃等食物。
The Dragon Boat Festival on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month (around early June) is celebrated in memory of Qu Yuan, an ancient poet and loyal minister who drowned himself while in exile from a corrupt court. Zongzi, a kind of glutinous rice dumpling wrapped in reed leaves, were originally prepared as sacrificial offerings for Qu
Yuan's departed soul and dropped into the river where he drowned himself. Today, however, dragon boat races are held during the festival and the zongzi are consumed by the living.
The Mid-autumn Festival which occurs on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month (around mid-September) is an occasion for viewing the full moon. The round moon is a symbol for completeness, and by extension, family reunion. The specialty of the day is the yuebing (mooncake), a round pastry filled with nuts, candied preserved
fruits, bean paste, duck egg yolks, etc.
春節(jié)是中國(guó)最重要的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，標(biāo)志著農(nóng)歷新年的開(kāi)始。春節(jié)的日期按農(nóng)歷而定，通常出現(xiàn)在公歷2月份前半個(gè)月的某一天。過(guò)春節(jié)又叫做“過(guò)年”，意思是避開(kāi)“年”這個(gè)怪物。相傳“年”是古時(shí)候的一種兇猛的怪物。它的樣子像強(qiáng)壯的公牛，長(zhǎng)著獅子一樣的頭。這個(gè)怪物通常待在深山里。但每到冬末春初，它在山里找不到足夠的食物就會(huì)闖入村莊找東西吃。村民們見(jiàn)之非常害怕，于是紛紛搬家，逃離這個(gè)怪物。后來(lái)人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，“年”非常害怕三樣?xùn)|西：紅色、明亮火焰以及大聲喧嘩。人們?yōu)榱俗柚埂澳辍边M(jìn)村，就把大門(mén)漆成紅色，還點(diǎn)火燒竹子，發(fā)出噼噼啪啪的響聲。從此以后，“年”再也不來(lái)村里了。一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)就這樣形成了。竹子燃燒時(shí)發(fā)出的這種響聲被后來(lái)的鞭炮聲所取代。這就是中國(guó)人燃放鞭炮歡慶春節(jié)的來(lái)歷。
The Spring Festival, the most important traditional Chinese festival, marks the beginning of the Chinese Lunar New year. The Spring Festival is celebrated according to the lunar calendar, and generally occurs some time in the first half of February. The Spring Festival is also called Guo Nian in Chinese, meaning keeping off the monster of Nian. The legend has it that Nian was a fierce monster back in ancient times. It looked like a strong bull with a head like that of a lion. Usually the monster stayed deep in the mountains. But at the turn of each spring, the monster, unable to find enough food in the mountains, came out of its mountain lair and entered villages to eat whatever it could catch. Villagers were so scared that they moved away to escape the ferocious monster. Later people found that Nian was afraid of three things: red color, bright flame and loud noise. To prevent Nian from entering their villages, villagers painted their doors red, burned stalks of bamboo, which made cracking sounds. Ever since then, Nian never again came to the villages. Thus, a tradition was established. Later, the noise of the cracking bamboo was replaced by the bang of firecrackers. This is how the Chinese people began to set off firecrackers for the Spring Festival.
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