一、堅定不移地推進反腐敗和廉政建設
反腐敗和廉政建設關系國家發(fā)展全局、關系最廣大人民根本利益、關系社會公平正義與和諧穩(wěn)定。堅決懲治腐敗和有效預防腐敗，大力加強廉政建設，是中國共產(chǎn)黨和中國政府的一貫主張。
新中國成立之初，先后設立國家檢察機關、政府監(jiān)察機關和中國共產(chǎn)黨的紀律檢查機關，頒布了《中華人民共和國憲法》、《中華人民共和國懲治貪污條例》等法律法規(guī)，反腐敗和廉政建設體制機制初步建立。為保持新生人民政權的純潔性，中國開展了反貪污、反浪費、反官僚主義的“三反”運動和反對行賄、反對偷稅漏稅、反對盜騙國家財產(chǎn)、反對偷工減料和反對盜竊經(jīng)濟情報的“五反”運動。通過這些措施，堅決打擊貪污腐敗行為，懲處一批腐敗分子，形成了風清氣正、蓬勃向上的良好局面。
I. Unswervingly Pushing forward the Undertaking of Combating Corruption and Building a Clean Government
Combating corruption and building a clean government is re-lated to China’s national development, the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people, social fairness, justice, harmony and stability. It is the consistent stand of the CPC and the Chinese government to resolutely punish and effectively prevent corruption, and endeavor to build a clean government.
Shortly after the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, China established state procuratorial organs, government supervisory organs and organs for discipline inspection in the CPC, and promulgated a series of laws and regulations, including the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China and Regula-tions of the People’s Republic of China for Suppression of Cor-ruption. The system and mechanism for combating corruption and building a clean government were basically in place. In order to guarantee the purity of the new people’s political power, China launched the Three-anti Campaign (anti-corruption, anti-waste and anti-bureaucracy within the Party, government, army and mass organizations) and the Five-anti Campaign (against bribery, tax evasion, theft of state property, cheating on government contracts, and stealing economic information from the end of 1951 to Octo-ber 1952. Through these measures, those guilty of bribery and cor-ruption were seriously punished, and a clean, just and lively at-mosphere was fostered.
20世紀70年代末，中國開始實行改革開放政策。改革開放是一個從高度集中的計劃經(jīng)濟體制到充滿活力的社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制、從封閉半封閉到全方位開放的社會大變革的過程，極大地解放了生產(chǎn)力，激發(fā)了社會活力。同時，在這個過程中也出現(xiàn)了一些消極腐敗現(xiàn)象。面對新的考驗和挑戰(zhàn)，中國堅持一手抓發(fā)展經(jīng)濟，一手抓懲治腐敗，開展以打擊走私、套匯、貪污受賄等嚴重經(jīng)濟犯罪活動為重點的專項斗爭，設立審計機關，制定《中華人民共和國刑法》、《中華人民共和國刑事訴訟法》等一批法律法規(guī)，進一步完善反腐敗和廉政建設制度，探索在改革開放新形勢下依法有序開展反腐敗的途徑和辦法。
20世紀90年代，中國開始建立社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制。面對新舊體制轉(zhuǎn)換過程中腐敗現(xiàn)象滋生蔓延的情況，中國作出加大反腐敗斗爭力度的決策，確立領導干部廉潔自律、查辦違法違紀案件、糾正部門和行業(yè)不正之風的反腐敗三項工作格局。明確提出堅持標本兼治，教育是基礎，法制是保證，監(jiān)督是關鍵；通過深化改革，不斷鏟除腐敗現(xiàn)象滋生蔓延的土壤。制定了一系列加強反腐敗和廉政建設的法律法規(guī)，不斷完善反腐敗制度體系。在檢察機關設立反貪污賄賂部門、反瀆職侵權部門和職務犯罪預防部門。作出軍隊、武警部隊、政法機關一律不得經(jīng)商等重大決策。推進行政審批、財政管理、干部人事等體制機制制度改革，實行政務公開、廠務公開和村務公開等制度。反腐敗和廉政建設走上標本兼治、綜合治理、逐步加大治本力度的軌道。
In the late 1970s, China began to carry out the reform and opening-up policy. The reform and opening-up is a process of great social reform from a highly-centralized planned economy to a so-cialist market economy full of vigor, from a closed or semi-closed state to a state fully opened up to the outside world, which greatly liberated and developed the productive forces, and inspired social vigor. In this process corruption arose to some extent. Facing the new tests and challenges, China has implemented the policy of punishing corruption while making efforts to develop the economy, and carried out a series of special campaigns against such serious economic crimes as smuggling, illegal arbitrage of foreign exchange, embezzlement and taking bribes. A number of laws and regulations, including the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China, were promulgated, together with the establishment of auditing bodies, thus further improving the system of combating corruption and building a clean government, and exploring new ways and methods of combating corruption under the aegis of the law in the new circumstance of reform and opening-up.
In the 1990s, China started to establish the socialist market economic system. Facing rampant corruption arising in the process of system transition, China made the decision to intensify efforts in opposing corruption and established a work pattern in anti-corruption that covered three aspects, i.e., ensuring leading cadres are incor-ruptible and self-disciplined, investigating and dealing with all breaches of law and discipline, and rectifying malpractices in various trades and departments. It was explicitly stated that both symptoms and root causes of corruption should be addressed, with education as the basis, laws as the guarantee and supervision as the key, and the soil that breeds corruption should be continuously re-moved through deepening reform. A number of laws and regula-tions on combating corruption and building a clean government were enacted, thus further improving the anti-corruption system. Anti-corruption and anti-bribery departments, departments dealing with dereliction of duty, malfeasance and infringement of citizens’ rights were set up in the procuratorial organs. Many major deci-sions were made in this regard, including the decision to ban any-one in the army, public security forces or procuratorial, judicial or public security organs to engage in business transactions. Reforms in the structures, mechanisms and systems were carried out re-garding administrative examination and approval, financial man-agement, cadre and personnel affairs, etc. In addition, regulations were formulated to make government work, enterprise affairs and village affairs known to the public. The work of combating corrup-tion and building a clean government has embarked on a road that features addressing of both symptoms and root causes of corrup-tion, comprehensive treatment and gradual intensification of efforts to eliminate the root causes.
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