加快投資體制改革。為防止投資領(lǐng)域腐敗現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生，中國政府著力建立市場引導(dǎo)投資、企業(yè)自主決策、銀行獨(dú)立審貸、融資方式多樣、中介服務(wù)規(guī)范、宏觀調(diào)控有效的新型投資體制，減少行政干預(yù)。2004年，國務(wù)院發(fā)布《關(guān)于投資體制改革的決定》，對深化投資體制改革作出全面部署。經(jīng)過改革，企業(yè)投資主體地位逐步確立。國家不斷建立和完善政府投資監(jiān)管體系，完善政府重大投資項目公示制和責(zé)任追究制，加強(qiáng)對投資中介機(jī)構(gòu)的監(jiān)管。對中央預(yù)算內(nèi)投資項目實行代建制試點(diǎn)，目前已有三分之二以上的省級政府開展代建工作。
推動金融體制改革。中國實行中央銀行與商業(yè)銀行分離、政策性金融與商業(yè)性金融分離、銀行與證券及保險業(yè)分業(yè)經(jīng)營。不斷加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)金融宏觀調(diào)控，建立和完善銀行業(yè)、證券業(yè)、保險業(yè)分業(yè)金融監(jiān)管體制，加強(qiáng)金融監(jiān)管，金融市場秩序逐步規(guī)范。建立并完善信息披露、信用評級制度，推動金融市場快速健康發(fā)展。推進(jìn)國有商業(yè)銀行股份制改革、證券公司重組、保險公司注資改制等一系列重大金融體制改革，進(jìn)一步完善法人治理結(jié)構(gòu)，全面清理和處置歷史積累的金融風(fēng)險，初步建立投資者保護(hù)制度。積極推動支付體系建設(shè)，推廣使用非現(xiàn)金支付工具，完善金融賬戶實名制，有效防止和嚴(yán)厲懲處利用銀行賬戶、證券市場和資本運(yùn)作等手段進(jìn)行腐敗活動。建立覆蓋全國的企業(yè)和個人信用信息基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)庫，加快建設(shè)金融業(yè)統(tǒng)一征信平臺。建立金融機(jī)構(gòu)的客戶識別、大額和可疑交易報告、記錄保存等制度，加強(qiáng)反洗錢監(jiān)管。這些改革措施促進(jìn)了金融業(yè)的規(guī)范健康發(fā)展，也有利于防范金融風(fēng)險和金融腐敗。
Quickening the reform of the investment system. To prevent corruption in the field of investment, the Chinese government is striving to establish a new type of investment system which fea-tures market-led investment, independent decision making by en-terprises, independent review of loans by banks, diversified forms of financing, standardized intermediary services and effective macro-control. In 2004, the State Council promulgated the Deci-sion on the Reform of Investment System, making an overall plan for deepening the reform of the investment system. Through the reform, enterprises have been gradually assured to make their own decisions in investment. The state has established and constantly improved a monitoring system for government investments, im-proved the systems of public announcement and accountability for major government investment projects, and tightened supervision over investment intermediary agencies. As for projects undertaken with investments from the central budget, the agent system is being tried out by over two-thirds of provincial-level governments so far.
Promoting the reform of the financial system. China separates the business operations of the Central Bank from those of commer-cial banks, as well as of banks from those of securities firms and insurance companies, and detaches policy-based finance from com-mercial finance. Efforts have been made to constantly strengthen and improve macro financial control, establish and improve the separated financial regulatory systems for banking, securities and insurance industries, tighten financial oversight to gradually regu-late the order of financial markets. The systems of information dis-closure and credit rating have been established and improved to promote the rapid, healthy development of the financial markets in the country. Efforts have been made to press ahead with a series of major financial reforms towards introducing the shareholding sys-tem in state-owned commercial banks, restructuring of securities firms, and equity reorganization of joint venture insurance compa-nies by injecting more funds from Chinese enterprises to gain con-trol, to further improve the corporate governance structure, fully sort out and manage historically accumulated financial risks, and initially establish a system to protect investors. Positive efforts are being made to promote the establishment of a payment system, extend the use of non-cash payment tools, improve the system of real-name financial accounts, and effectively prevent and severely crack down on corruption activities by means of bank accounts, securities markets and capital operations. A basic database of the credit of enterprises and individuals across the country has been established, and work has been done to speed up the construction of a unified credit information platform of the financial sector. Work has been done to establish a series of systems, such as system of customer identification, system of report and record of large-sum and suspicious transactions so as to strengthen regulation over anti-money laundering. These reform measures have not only pro-moted the standardized, healthy development of the financial sector, but also helped ward off financial risks and corruption.
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