中國是世界上人口最多的發(fā)展中國家，13億人口中蘊涵著極其豐富的人力資源。積極開發(fā)人力資源，充分發(fā)揮每個人的潛能和價值，促進人的全面發(fā)展，為國家現(xiàn)代化建設提供強大的人力和智力支撐，實現(xiàn)由人力資源大國向人力資源強國的轉變，是中國政府始終面臨的重大課題和不懈推進的重大事業(yè)。
新中國成立后特別是20世紀70年代末實行改革開放以來，中國政府堅持以人為本的理念，積極貫徹“尊重勞動、尊重知識、尊重人才、尊重創(chuàng)造”的方針，制定了一系列解決就業(yè)問題和發(fā)展教育、科技、文化、衛(wèi)生、社會保障事業(yè)的政策措施，努力為實現(xiàn)人的全面發(fā)展創(chuàng)造良好的環(huán)境和條件。當前，中國就業(yè)形勢保持總體穩(wěn)定，國民受教育程度和健康水平顯著提高，一大批國家建設急需的各類人才脫穎而出，為推動中國經(jīng)濟社會各項事業(yè)發(fā)展發(fā)揮了重要作用。
China is a developing country with the largest population in the world. Its 1.3 billion people are a vast reservoir of human resources. Actively developing human resources, bringing into full play the po-tential ability and value of each individual and promoting the people’s all-round development so as to provide powerful labor and intellectual support for China’s modernization drive and to realize its transformation from a country rich in human resources to one with powerful human resources, is a significant aim the Chinese government has been cher-ishing and a major undertaking it has been unremittingly advancing.
Since the founding of New China in 1949, and especially since the reform and opening-up policies were introduced in the late 1970s, the Chinese government, upholding the idea of putting people first, has ac-tively implemented the principle of respecting labor, knowledge, talent and creativity, and has adopted a series of policies and measures to boost employment and develop education, science and technology, culture, public health and social security, striving to create a favorable environment and conditions for the people’s all-round development. Currently, China’s employment situation is stable on the whole; the people’s education and health levels have been remarkably improved; and a galaxy of talented people in various fields urgently needed by national construction has appeared. They are playing an important role in promoting the development of all economic and social undertakings.
按照建立社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制的要求，為推動科學發(fā)展，促進社會和諧，中國政府注重發(fā)揮市場配置人力資源的基礎性作用，大力推進經(jīng)濟、科技、教育等體制改革，不斷深化干部人事制度改革，實施科教興國戰(zhàn)略、人才強國戰(zhàn)略和積極的就業(yè)政策，建立和完善人力資源培養(yǎng)、吸引、使用和保障機制，加快人力資源法制建設，走出了一條適合中國國情的人力資源開發(fā)道路。
一、中國人力資源的基本狀況
人口眾多、勞動力資源豐富是中國的基本國情。多年來，中國政府采取積極有效的政策措施，大力加強人力資源的開發(fā)利用，使中國的人力資源狀況發(fā)生了顯著變化。
In accordance with the requirements of the socialist market econ-omy system, and to promote sustainable development and social har-mony, the Chinese government pays attention to the fundamental function of the market in deploying human resources, while vigorously promoting institutional reforms in the fields of economy, science, technology and education, constantly deepening the reform of the ca-dre related system, and pursuing the strategy of rejuvenating the coun-try through science and education and that of strengthening the nation with trained personnel, and a proactive employment policy. It has also established and improved the human resources development mecha-nism to train, attract, use and support talented people, and accelerated human resources legal construction, thereby opening up a human re-sources development path conforming to China’s national conditions.
I. The Basic Situation of China’s Human Resources
A large population and rich human resources constitute the basic national situation of China. For years, the Chinese government has pursued proactive and effective policies and measures to enhance the development and utilization of human resources, bringing about re-markable changes in this field.
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