促進(jìn)就業(yè)的法律制度
為實(shí)現(xiàn)擴(kuò)大和穩(wěn)定就業(yè)的發(fā)展目標(biāo)，1994年中國頒布《中華人民共和國勞動法》，明確提出國家通過促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展，創(chuàng)造就業(yè)條件，擴(kuò)大就業(yè)機(jī)會。2007年頒布《中華人民共和國就業(yè)促進(jìn)法》，確立了國家執(zhí)行“勞動者自主擇業(yè)、市場調(diào)節(jié)就業(yè)、政府促進(jìn)就業(yè)”的方針，建立促進(jìn)就業(yè)的政府責(zé)任體系，實(shí)施有利于促進(jìn)就業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)、投資、財(cái)稅政策，統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)、區(qū)域和不同社會群體的就業(yè)，建立失業(yè)預(yù)警制度，完善公共就業(yè)服務(wù)制度、職業(yè)培訓(xùn)制度和就業(yè)援助制度。這些法律的實(shí)施，有效推動了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與促進(jìn)就業(yè)的良性互動。
國家保障勞動者依法享有平等就業(yè)和自主擇業(yè)的權(quán)利。1988年以來，頒布了《中華人民共和國殘疾人保障法》、《中華人民共和國婦女權(quán)益保障法》、《中華人民共和國未成年人保護(hù)法》和《女職工勞動保護(hù)規(guī)定》、《禁止使用童工規(guī)定》、《殘疾人就業(yè)條例》等法律和行政法規(guī)?！毒蜆I(yè)促進(jìn)法》專門設(shè)立了“公平就業(yè)”章，規(guī)定勞動者就業(yè)不因民族、種族、性別、宗教信仰等不同而受歧視，并特別指出農(nóng)村勞動者進(jìn)城就業(yè)享有與城鎮(zhèn)勞動者平等的勞動權(quán)利。
Legal system for promoting employment
To achieve the goal of expanding and stabilizing employment, China promulgated the Labor Law of the People’s Republic of China in 1994, which expressly states that the state strives to create job op-portunities and expand employment through promoting economic and social development. The Employment Promotion Law of the People’s Republic of China adopted in 2007 has laid down the principle of “in-dependent job-seeking by workers, employment based on market forces and the promotion of employment by the government,” requir-ing the building of a government responsibility system for promoting employment, the implementing of industry, investment, finance and taxation policies favorable for boosting employment, making an over-all plan for balanced employment between urban and rural areas, in various regions and among different social groups. According to this Employment Promotion Law the state will establish an unemployment precaution system, improve the public employment service, vocational training and employment aid systems. The enforcement of these laws has greatly facilitated the interaction between economic development and employment promotion.
The state ensures that workers in China enjoy the rights of equal employment and independent job-seeking in accordance with the law. Since 1988 China has promulgated the Law of the People’s Republic of China for the Protection of Disabled Persons, Law of the People’s Republic of China for the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests, Law of the People’s Republic of China for the Protection of Minors, Regulations Concerning the Labor Protection of Female Staff and Workers, Provisions Concerning the Prohibition of the Use of Child Labor, Regulations on the Employment of the Disabled, and other laws and administrative regulations. The Employment Promotion Law has a special chapter on equal employment, which stipulates that no em-ployees shall be discriminated against on the grounds of ethnicity, race, gender and religion, and specially provides that rural employees work-ing in cities should enjoy the same labor rights as urban employees.
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