國家通過立法促進職業(yè)教育和職業(yè)培訓(xùn)。1995年以來，頒布了《中華人民共和國教育法》、《中華人民共和國職業(yè)教育法》、《中華人民共和國民辦教育促進法》等法律，建立了“市場引導(dǎo)培訓(xùn)、培訓(xùn)促進就業(yè)”的職業(yè)教育與培訓(xùn)機制。依托各級各類職業(yè)院校和職業(yè)培訓(xùn)機構(gòu)，完善多形式、多層次的職業(yè)培訓(xùn)，形成不同層次教育相銜接、職業(yè)教育和普通教育相溝通的職業(yè)教育和職業(yè)培訓(xùn)制度。
國家積極規(guī)范專業(yè)技術(shù)人員的管理。1993年至今，中國頒布了《中華人民共和國教師法》、《中華人民共和國執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)師法》、《中華人民共和國律師法》、《中華人民共和國注冊會計師法》、《中華人民共和國注冊建筑師條例》等法律法規(guī)，對專業(yè)技術(shù)人員的資質(zhì)條件、職業(yè)資格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、接受繼續(xù)教育權(quán)利以及職業(yè)道德規(guī)范作出明確規(guī)定，規(guī)范了專業(yè)技術(shù)人員的職業(yè)準(zhǔn)入，提高了專業(yè)服務(wù)質(zhì)量。
公共人力資源管理的法律制度
The state also promotes vocational education and training through legislation. Since 1995 China has promulgated the Education Law of the People’s Republic of China, Vocational Education Law of the Peo-ple’s Republic of China, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Promotion of Privately-run Schools and similar laws, and has estab-lished a vocational education and training mechanism on the principle of “the market guiding training, and training promoting employment.” Based on vocational education institutions and training organizations at various levels, China has improved multi-form and multi-level vo-cational education, and formed a vocational education and training system connecting education at various levels, and linking vocational education with general education.
Proactive efforts have been made by the state to standardize the management of professional and technical staff. Since 1993 China has promulgated the Teachers Law of the People’s Republic of China, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Medical Practitioners, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Lawyers, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Certified Public Accountants, Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Certified Public Architects, and other related laws and regulations. These laws and regulations stipulate the qualifi-cations and certificate standards of professional and technical staff, and their right to receive continuing education as well as their professional ethics, thereby standardizing the employment requirements for profes-sional and technical staff and improving the quality of professional services.
Legal system for public human resources management
1993年，中國頒布《國家公務(wù)員暫行條例》，實行公務(wù)員制度。2006年開始施行《中華人民共和國公務(wù)員法》，并陸續(xù)出臺了公務(wù)員錄用、培訓(xùn)、考核、獎勵、職務(wù)任免與升降、調(diào)任、處分、申訴、辭去公職、辭退、錄用考試違紀(jì)違規(guī)行為處理、新錄用公務(wù)員任職定級等一系列配套規(guī)章。在機關(guān)與事業(yè)單位工資福利、事業(yè)單位人事管理、人才流動管理、人力資源宏觀調(diào)控等方面，國家制定規(guī)范性文件1000多件，涵蓋了公共人力資源管理的主要環(huán)節(jié)。
人力資源權(quán)益保護的法律制度
20世紀(jì)80年代中期，中國開始試行勞動合同制度。到90年代，《中華人民共和國勞動法》正式確立了勞動合同制度。2007年頒布的《中華人民共和國勞動合同法》及此后出臺的《中華人民共和國勞動合同法實施條例》，進一步完善了勞動合同制度，明確用人單位和勞動者的權(quán)利和義務(wù)，對勞動合同的訂立、履行、變更、解除或者終止以及相應(yīng)的法律責(zé)任作出了明確規(guī)定，同時針對勞動用工形式多樣化的發(fā)展趨勢，對勞務(wù)派遣和非全日制用工等行為專門進行了規(guī)范。
In 1993 China promulgated the Interim Regulations on Civil Ser-vants, which launched the civil service system. The Civil Servants Law of the People’s Republic of China went into effect in 2006, since when a series of related regulations have been issued concerning the employ-ment and training, assessment and award, appointment and removal, promotion, demotion and transfer, punishment and appeal, resignation and dismissal of civil servants, penalties for violating civil service en-trance examination rules, and appointment and ranking of new recruits. Over 1,000 regulations have been issued, covering the major compo-nents of public human resources management, including the wages and welfare of employees in government departments and public institu-tions, human resources management in public institutions, personnel mobility management and macro-control of human resources.
Legal system for human resources rights protection
In the mid-1980s China started the trial implementation of the la-bor contract system, which was officially established through the promulgation of the Labor Law of the People’s Republic of China in the 1990s. The Labor Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China, promulgated in 2007, and the later Regulations on the Implementa-tion of the Labor Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China, have further improved the labor contract system, specified the rights and obligations of employers and employees, the rules for signing, implementing, revising, canceling or terminating labor contracts and corresponding liabilities, and, taking into account the trend toward diversified forms of employment, made provisions about how to re-gulate labor dispatch services and part-time employment, and other aspects.
上一篇：《中國的人力資源狀況》（中英對照）II
下一篇：《中國與非洲的經(jīng)貿(mào)合作》（中法對照）III
微信公眾號搜索“譯員”關(guān)注我們，每天為您推送翻譯理論和技巧，外語學(xué)習(xí)及翻譯招聘信息。