中國(guó)國(guó)際廣播電臺(tái)記者：我們知道，中國(guó)目前已經(jīng)進(jìn)入到了老齡化社會(huì)，但是養(yǎng)老供給不足、質(zhì)量不高，而且還面臨著很多人養(yǎng)不起老的問(wèn)題。此外，我們也注意到，在某個(gè)省份，去年已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了養(yǎng)老金被“擊穿”的現(xiàn)象，不少人也在擔(dān)心，會(huì)不會(huì)有其他省份步其后塵？請(qǐng)問(wèn)這個(gè)問(wèn)題如何應(yīng)對(duì)？將怎么解決兩億多人的養(yǎng)老問(wèn)題？
李克強(qiáng)：我們已經(jīng)到吃飯時(shí)間了，你問(wèn)了一個(gè)和吃飯相關(guān)的問(wèn)題。保證養(yǎng)老金足額發(fā)放、按時(shí)領(lǐng)取，這是我們必須做到的。的確，有個(gè)別省份去年養(yǎng)老金收不抵支。我到一些老工業(yè)基地去調(diào)研，特別是今年兩會(huì)下團(tuán)，我首先問(wèn)的是養(yǎng)老金能不能夠及時(shí)足額發(fā)放。個(gè)別省份發(fā)放養(yǎng)老金之所以有困難，和當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力較大、財(cái)政減收有關(guān)，他們已經(jīng)采取盤(pán)活處置國(guó)有資產(chǎn)、調(diào)整財(cái)政支出結(jié)構(gòu)等來(lái)保證及時(shí)足額發(fā)放。當(dāng)然，中央財(cái)政也給了一定的幫助。
China Radio International: Mr. Premier, given the aging of the Chinese population, quality and inexpensive old-age care is woefully lacking. It was also reported last year that a Chinese province ran behind its pension payouts, raising concerns about similar problem in other provinces. How should this problem be addressed and what will the government do to ensure adequate old-age support for the over 200 million senior citizens in China?
Premier Li: It's already lunch time, and your question is also about a livelihood issue. We must ensure that old-age pensions will be paid in full and on time. The problem that you described did happen in certain provinces last year. I made a point of raising the issue of pension payouts each time I visit old industrial bases or hold discussions with the delegates during this year's Two Sessions. The difficulties that some provinces face are mainly due to the decline in their fiscal revenues at the time of local economic downturn. But they have taken multiple steps to address the issue, such as putting to better use state-owned assets or adjusting the structure of government expenditure. The central government has also provided some funding support for this .
不可否認(rèn)，可能還會(huì)有一些省份養(yǎng)老金在總體上會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些困難，但從全國(guó)范圍來(lái)講，我們保證養(yǎng)老金按時(shí)足額發(fā)放是有能力的。去年末企業(yè)職工養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)基金的結(jié)余是4.1萬(wàn)億元，當(dāng)年也是收大于支。我們還有養(yǎng)老金的戰(zhàn)略?xún)?chǔ)備，就是社會(huì)保障基金擁有的資金在增加，去年達(dá)1.8萬(wàn)億元，完全可以保證全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)養(yǎng)老金按時(shí)足額發(fā)放。
當(dāng)然，我們還要推進(jìn)這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)改革，像今年我們將實(shí)施養(yǎng)老金基金調(diào)劑制度，中央收取3%進(jìn)行統(tǒng)籌調(diào)劑，以后比例還會(huì)有所提高，以彌補(bǔ)有些省養(yǎng)老金可能會(huì)發(fā)生的不足。同時(shí)，我們還會(huì)通過(guò)劃撥?chē)?guó)有資產(chǎn)收益來(lái)增加社?；鸬目偭浚粌H使它安全，而且要拓展盈利空間，這些都是保證老有所養(yǎng)的“定盤(pán)星”，大家對(duì)未來(lái)應(yīng)該充滿信心。為什么這么說(shuō)？因?yàn)槿绻覀儾荒茏龅竭@一點(diǎn)，老人辛苦了一輩子還不能老有所養(yǎng)，那后來(lái)人就會(huì)失去信心。
Despite the difficulties faced by some provinces, at the national level, we are capable of making pension payment in full and on time. As of the end of last year, the balance of China's pension insurance funds for urban workers stood at over 4.1 trillion yuan, and we had more revenues than expenditures. We also have 1.8 trillion yuan in social security fund as a strategic reserve, which is still increasing. So we are fully capable of ensuring full and timely payment of pension benefits nationwide.
We will continue to pursue reform in this area. This year, we plan to establish a central system of pension fund provisions that can be transferred to provinces in case of need. The initial contribution rate for all provinces will be three percent, which means each province will contribute three percent of their funds to the central provision to be used to fill the shortfalls that some provinces may face. In addition, we will use some of the state-owned asset proceeds to replenish the national social security fund to make it safer and more profitable. These measures will help to deliver stronger old-age support to the senior people in China. We should give people confidence in the future. Think about it, if decades of hard work cannot earn one a decent retirement life, our future generations will lose faith in us.
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