關(guān)于汽車關(guān)稅問(wèn)題，我只想提醒大家注意幾個(gè)事實(shí)。第一，美國(guó)對(duì)乘用車的進(jìn)口稅率是2.5%，但是卡車進(jìn)口稅率是25%。第二，中國(guó)25%的稅率是針對(duì)進(jìn)口整車的，零部件只有10%。第三，美國(guó)在華銷售的大部分汽車都是美國(guó)汽車公司在中國(guó)的分公司生產(chǎn)的。僅通用一家2017年在中國(guó)銷售汽車就有400萬(wàn)輛左右，其旗下凱迪拉克品牌在華銷售超越美本土市場(chǎng)。應(yīng)該說(shuō)美國(guó)汽車企業(yè)在中國(guó)享受了巨大紅利。另一方面，美國(guó)2017年對(duì)華汽車整車出口28萬(wàn)多輛，而中國(guó)同年對(duì)美整車出口僅5.3萬(wàn)輛。因此，簡(jiǎn)單比較中美兩國(guó)整車進(jìn)口稅率沒(méi)有意義。
關(guān)于“對(duì)等”問(wèn)題，我想說(shuō)的是，就關(guān)稅而言，世貿(mào)組織并沒(méi)有關(guān)稅對(duì)等的原則，世貿(mào)組織成員關(guān)稅總水平也不盡相同。對(duì)等和公平不能自說(shuō)自話，不能完全根據(jù)自身利益和需要來(lái)制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而是要靠大家平等協(xié)商來(lái)制定統(tǒng)一的國(guó)際規(guī)則和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而且應(yīng)由大家共同遵守。強(qiáng)買強(qiáng)賣絕不是對(duì)等和公平，在這方面如果自作聰明、自以為是，到頭來(lái)可能會(huì)自食其果。
With regard to the issue of tariffs on imported automobiles, I only want to remind you of several facts. First, though the US tariffs on imported passenger vehicles are only 2.5%, the rate for imported trucks is as high as 25%. Second, China's 25% tariffs are levied on finished automobiles and the rate for components and parts are only 10%. Third, most of the US automobiles sold in China are manufactured by the Chinese branches of those US car-makers. General Motors alone sold as many as around 4 million vehicles in China in 2017, and the sales of its Cadillac cars in China are even bigger than those at home. It is fair to say that the US car-makers have reaped enormous dividends in China. On the other hand, the US exported over 280 thousand finished automobiles to China in 2017, while the Chinese ones exported to the US only amounted to 53 thousand over the same period. Therefore, a simple comparison of the Chinese and US tariff rate for imported finished automobiles makes no sense.
Finally, let's talk about the word "reciprocal". I would like to point out that when it comes to tariffs, the WTO doesn't have a principle of reciprocal tariffs and the overall rate varies a lot among the WTO members. The standards of reciprocity and fairness cannot be determined by oneself alone entirely on the basis of its own interests and needs. Instead, unified international rules and standards should be set up through equal negotiations by all and they should be followed by all. Imposing business deals on others is by no means reciprocal or fair, and someone who is self-righteous and presumptuous in this aspect will suffer the consequence of his action.
問(wèn)：中國(guó)國(guó)家發(fā)展與改革委員會(huì)日前公布汽車業(yè)等開(kāi)放新舉措，這是否是對(duì)美方的回應(yīng)？
答：前幾天國(guó)家發(fā)展改革委已經(jīng)就此詳細(xì)回答了記者提問(wèn)。我們之前也多次強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)，中方將按照既定的目標(biāo)和節(jié)奏進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)改革開(kāi)放。在博鰲亞洲論壇2018年年會(huì)上，習(xí)近平主席宣布了中國(guó)進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大開(kāi)放的一系列重大舉措，這是對(duì)中國(guó)人民和世界人民的莊嚴(yán)承諾。
Q: The National Development and Reform Commission has announced new opening-up measures regarding automobile and other industries. Can we view this as a response to the United States?
A: The National Development and Reform Commission recently has responded to the questions raised by journalists in this regard in details. We have stressed multiple times before that China will press ahead with the reform and opening-up in accordance with the set goals and tempo. At the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2018, President Xi Jinping announced a series of major measures China will take to expand opening-up, which are the solemn commitments made by the Chinese people to people around the world.
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