口譯過程中,譯員面臨時(shí)間的壓力,講話人停頓后幾秒鐘內(nèi)譯員就要開口翻譯,幾乎沒有時(shí)間反復(fù)斟酌和潤色自己的表達(dá)。如果譯員能夠掌握多種表達(dá)方式,對(duì)于同一信息有不同的詞匯、句型可供使用,無疑會(huì)減輕負(fù)擔(dān),增強(qiáng)信心,從而順利地完成口譯。
語言表達(dá)多樣性訓(xùn)練包括以下三個(gè)方面:
1. 詞匯層面。主要是通過替換使用近義詞或近義詞組,使表達(dá)更多樣化。例如,要表達(dá)“增加了20%”這一信息時(shí),就可以選擇近義動(dòng)詞詞組“increase by 20%”、“rise by 20%”,或者根據(jù)句型需要,靈活使用近義的名詞詞組“an increase of 20%”或“a rise of 20%”等等。
2. 句子層面。句子層面的表達(dá)多樣性首先可以通過轉(zhuǎn)換主要 詞匯的詞性,搭配使用不同的主一謂結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)相同的意義。例如
要表達(dá)以下信息: 過去二十年里,少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)得到不斷的發(fā)展。 就可以利用信息里的不同成分來充當(dāng)英語句子的主語,將其表達(dá)為:
a. The last two decades have witnessed continued economic and social development in the ethnic minority areas.
b. People in the ethnic minority areas have achieved continued economic and social development over the last two decades.
c. The economy and society of the ethnic minority areas have been developed continuously over the past 20 years..
d. Over the last two decades, continued economic and social development has been attained in the minority concentrated areas.