I'm very happy to see such a large audience. But this lecture on the stock market is meant for beginners. A stock is an ownership share in a business. Companies sell stock as a way to raise money without borrowing. People buy stock as an investment, in the hope of making a profit on an increase in the stock's price.
The stock market in the United States began in New York City in 1792. The New York Stock Exchange is the oldest financial market in the United States, and the largest stock market in the world.
The stocks of more than 3,000 American and international companies are traded on the New York Stock Exchange. Together the stock represents about 80% of the value of all publicly owned companies in America.
我很高興能見到這么多的聽眾。不過這只是一個普及性的講座。股票是指對某個公司的一種份額擁有。公司出售股票是一種不需借款的籌資方式。人們購買股票是一種投資行為，希望通過股價上漲而獲利。
美國的股票交易所于1792年誕生于紐約。組約股票交易所是美國最古老的金融市場，也是世界上最大的股票市場。
3 000多家美國公司和跨國公司的股票在紐約股票交易所交易，總股價約占全美上市公司總市值的80%。
Stockbrokers and dealers have been an important part of the traditional stock trading system. These financial experts are paid for their knowledge of financial markets and business. But, the Internet has made it easy for the general public to get information about companies and stocks. Many people now choose to control how their money is invested.
About 60 years ago, only 5% of Americans owned stock. They were usually very rich people trading shares with each other. Today, more than 50% of Americans have stock holdings. And, more than 80% of all stock trades take place over the Internet.
The expression used to describe such a period when the prices of most stocks are increasing is a "bull market". A "bear market" is when most stock prices are falling as investors sell stocks.
股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人和交易商是傳統(tǒng)的股票交易系統(tǒng)的一個重要組成部分。這些金融專家憑借其金融市場知識和商務(wù)專業(yè)知識的應(yīng)用而取得報酬。但是，因特網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)使普通老百姓也能獲得有關(guān)公司的信息和公司股票的信息?，F(xiàn)在很多人愿意自己控制投資。
大約60年前，只有5%的美國人擁有股票，他們通常是一些很富有的人，相互之間進(jìn)行股票交易。時至今日，50%以上的美國人已持有股票，80%以上的股票是在因特網(wǎng)上交易的。
股市術(shù)語“牛市”用以表明大多數(shù)股票的價格處于上漲期,而“熊市”則表明投資者紛紛拋售股票致使大多數(shù)股票的價格進(jìn)人下跌期。
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