It is clear that we all need to sleep. Most people rarely think about how or why they sleep, however. We know that if we sleep well, we feel rested. If we do not sleep enough. we often feel tired and irritable. It seems there are two purposes of sleep: physical rest and emotional, or psychological, rest. We need to rest our bodies and our minds.
Each night we alternate between two kinds of sleep: active sleep and passive sleep. Passive sleep gives our body the rest that is needed, and prepares us for active sleep, in which dreaming occurs. In passive sleep, the body is at rest. the heart beat slows down, and the body processes become very slow. We move very little, and the brain becomes very inactive. This stage of sleep is known as slow-wave sleep because the brain waves move in a very slow, regular rhythm.
顯然我們都需要睡眠。大多數(shù)人很少考慮他們是如何睡眠的,也很少考慮他們?yōu)楹我?。我們知?如果睡得好,我們就會感到有了充分的休息;如果睡眠不充足，我們常會感到疲倦和煩躁?？磥硭哂袃蓚€目的:一是為了獲得體力上的休息，一是為了得到精神上的休息(或叫做心理休息)。我們需要讓自己的身體和大腦都得到休息。
每天晚上我們以兩種交替出現(xiàn)的方式睡眠,即積極睡眠和消極睡眠。消極睡眠給我們的身體以所需要的休息,并讓我們向積極睡眠過渡。人們在積極睡眠時會做夢。消極睡眠時我們的身體處于一種安寧的狀態(tài),我們心臟的跳動減緩，我們?nèi)梭w機能的運行變得非常緩慢。我們身體很少移動,大腦幾乎處于靜止狀態(tài)。這一階段的睡眠叫做慢波睡眠,因為這時腦電波處于一種非常緩慢而有節(jié)奏的波動狀態(tài)。
If we continue to sleep, we will enter a more active stage, in which the body goes through several changes. In this new stage, the brain temperature rises, the amount of blood in the brain increases, the body becomes very still, and the brain goes from being very inactive to being active. As the brain becomes more active, the eyes begin to move rapidly. The eye movement signals that the person is dreaming.
Throughout the night, we alternate between passive and active sleep. The brain rests, then it becomes active, then dreaming occurs. This cycle is repeated several times throughout the night. During eight hours of sleep, we dream for a total of one and a half hours, on the average.
如果我們繼續(xù)睡眠，我們便會進入一個比較積極的睡眠階段,這時人體會歷經(jīng)幾種變化。在這個睡眠新階段,大腦溫度會上升,大腦血液流量會增加，人體會變得幾乎紋絲不動,而大腦則由靜止不動轉(zhuǎn)為活動狀態(tài)。隨著大腦活動變得較為積極，人的眼球開始快速運動起來。人的眼球運動表明了我們正在做夢。
整個晚上我們始終處于消極睡眠和積極睡眠兩種狀態(tài)相互交替的過程。大腦保持靜態(tài),然后積極活動起來,然后我們開始做夢。這一過程會一夜循環(huán)出現(xiàn)好幾次。在8小時的睡眠過程中,我們做夢的總時間平均為1個半小時。
We all experience these dream cycles; no one is an exception. Many people say that they do not dream, or that they rarely dream. This is not what actually happens, because everyone dreams and in fact, everyone needs to dream in order to stay healthy. The truth is we need both kinds of sleep: we need passive sleep to rest our bodies and active sleep in order to dream. Dreaming helps us to rest our minds.
人人都會經(jīng)歷這些做夢的過程,無一人例外。許多人說自己不做夢,或者說很少做夢。而實際情況并非如同他們所說的那樣,因為每個人都會做夢,事實上人人都需要通過做夢來保持身心健康。實際情況是我們需要兩種睡眠:我們需要消極睡眠以休息身體,我們還需要積極睡眠以進入夢鄉(xiāng),而做夢有助于我們的大腦得到休息。
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