在數(shù)千年的發(fā)展過程中，中醫(yī)藥不斷吸收和融合各個(gè)時(shí)期先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)和人文思想，不斷創(chuàng)新發(fā)展，理論體系日趨完善，技術(shù)方法更加豐富，形成了鮮明的特點(diǎn)。
第一，重視整體。中醫(yī)認(rèn)為人與自然、人與社會(huì)是一個(gè)相互聯(lián)系、不可分割的統(tǒng)一體，人體內(nèi)部也是一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體。重視自然環(huán)境和社會(huì)環(huán)境對(duì)健康與疾病的影響，認(rèn)為精神與形體密不可分，強(qiáng)調(diào)生理和心理的協(xié)同關(guān)系，重視生理與心理在健康與疾病中的相互影響。
During its course of development spanning a couple of millennia, TCM has kept drawing and assimilating advanced elements of natural science and humanities. Through many innovations, its theoretical base covered more ground and its remedies against various diseases expanded, displaying unique characteristics.
First, setting great store by the holistic view. TCM deems that the relationship between humans and nature is an interactive and inseparable whole, as are the relationships between humans and the society, and between the internal organs of the human body, so it values the impacts of natural and social environment on health and illness. Moreover, it believes that the mind and body are closely connected, emphasizing the coordination of physical and mental factors and their interactions in the conditions of health and illness.
第二，注重“平”與“和”。中醫(yī)強(qiáng)調(diào)和諧對(duì)健康具有重要作用，認(rèn)為人的健康在于各臟腑功能和諧協(xié)調(diào)，情志表達(dá)適度中和，并能順應(yīng)不同環(huán)境的變化，其根本在于陰陽的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡。疾病的發(fā)生，其根本是在內(nèi)、外因素作用下，人的整體功能失去動(dòng)態(tài)平衡。維護(hù)健康就是維護(hù)人的整體功能動(dòng)態(tài)平衡，治療疾病就是使失去動(dòng)態(tài)平衡的整體功能恢復(fù)到協(xié)調(diào)與和諧狀態(tài)。
第三，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體化。中醫(yī)診療強(qiáng)調(diào)因人、因時(shí)、因地制宜，體現(xiàn)為“辨證論治”?！氨孀C”，就是將四診（望、聞、問、切）所采集的癥狀、體征等個(gè)體信息，通過分析、綜合，判斷為某種證候?！罢撝巍?，就是根據(jù)辨證結(jié)果確定相應(yīng)治療方法。中醫(yī)診療著眼于“病的人”而不僅是“人的病”，著眼于調(diào)整致病因子作用于人體后整體功能失調(diào)的狀態(tài)。
Second, setting great store by the principle of harmony. TCM lays particular stress on the importance of harmony on health, holding that a person's physical health depends on harmony in the functions of the various body organs, the moderate status of the emotional expression, and adaption and compliance to different environments, of which the most vital is the dynamic balance between yin and yang. The fundamental reason for illness is that various internal and external factors disturb the dynamic balance. Therefore, maintaining health actually means conserving the dynamic balance of body functions, and curing diseases means restoring chaotic body functions to a state of coordination and harmony.
Third, emphasis on individuality. TCM treats a disease based on full consideration of the individual constitution, climatic and seasonal conditions, and environment. This is embodied in the term "giving treatment on the basis of syndrome differentiation." Syndrome differentiation means diagnosing an illness as a certain syndrome on the basis of analyzing the specific symptoms and physical signs collected by way of inspection, auscultation & olfaction, inquiry, and palpation, while giving treatment means defining the treatment approach in line with the syndrome differentiated. TCM therapies focus on the person who is sick rather than the illness that the patient contracts, i.e., aiming to restore the harmonious state of body functions that is disrupted by pathogenic factors.
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