中醫(yī)藥發(fā)祥于中華大地，在不斷汲取世界文明成果、豐富發(fā)展自己的同時(shí)，也逐步傳播到世界各地。早在秦漢時(shí)期，中醫(yī)藥就傳播到周邊國(guó)家，并對(duì)這些國(guó)家的傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥產(chǎn)生重大影響。預(yù)防天花的種痘技術(shù)，在明清時(shí)代就傳遍世界。《本草綱目》被翻譯成多種文字廣為流傳，達(dá)爾文稱之為“中國(guó)古代的百科全書”。針灸的神奇療效引發(fā)全球持續(xù)的“針灸熱”?？汞懰幬铩扒噍锼亍钡陌l(fā)明，拯救了全球特別是發(fā)展中國(guó)家數(shù)百萬(wàn)人的生命。同時(shí)，乳香、沒(méi)藥等南藥的廣泛引進(jìn)，豐富了中醫(yī)藥的治療手段。
二、中國(guó)發(fā)展中醫(yī)藥的政策措施
中國(guó)高度重視中醫(yī)藥事業(yè)發(fā)展。新中國(guó)成立初期，把“團(tuán)結(jié)中西醫(yī)”作為三大衛(wèi)生工作方針之一，確立了中醫(yī)藥應(yīng)有的地位和作用。1978年，中共中央轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)衛(wèi)生部《關(guān)于認(rèn)真貫徹黨的中醫(yī)政策，解決中醫(yī)隊(duì)伍后繼乏人問(wèn)題的報(bào)告》，并在人、財(cái)、物等方面給予大力支持，有力地推動(dòng)了中醫(yī)藥事業(yè)發(fā)展。中華人民共和國(guó)憲法指出，發(fā)展現(xiàn)代醫(yī)藥和我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥，保護(hù)人民健康。1986年，國(guó)務(wù)院成立相對(duì)獨(dú)立的中醫(yī)藥管理部門。各省、自治區(qū)、直轄市也相繼成立中醫(yī)藥管理機(jī)構(gòu)，為中醫(yī)藥發(fā)展提供了組織保障。第七屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)第四次會(huì)議將“中西醫(yī)并重”列為新時(shí)期中國(guó)衛(wèi)生工作五大方針之一。2003年，國(guó)務(wù)院頒布實(shí)施《中華人民共和國(guó)中醫(yī)藥條例》；2009年，國(guó)務(wù)院頒布實(shí)施《關(guān)于扶持和促進(jìn)中醫(yī)藥事業(yè)發(fā)展的若干意見》，逐步形成了相對(duì)完善的中醫(yī)藥政策體系。
Born in China, TCM has also absorbed the essence of other civilizations, evolved, and gradually spread throughout the world. As early as the Qin and Han dynasties (221 BC-AD 220), TCM was popular in many neighboring countries and exerted a major impact on their traditional medicines. The TCM smallpox vaccination technique had already spread outside of China during the Ming and Qing dynasties (1368-1911). The Ben Cao Gang Mu (Compendium of Materia Medica) was translated into various languages and widely read, and Charles Darwin, the British biologist, hailed the book as an "ancient Chinese encyclopedia." The remarkable effects of acupuncture and moxibustion have won it popularity throughout the world. The discovery of qinghaosu (artemisinin, an anti-malaria drug) has saved millions of lives, especially in developing countries. Meanwhile, massive imports of medicinal substances such as frankincense and myrrh have enriched TCM therapies.
II. Policies and Measures on TCM Development
China lays great store by the development of TCM. When the People's Republic was founded in 1949, the government placed emphasis on uniting Chinese and Western medicine as one of its three guidelines for health work, and enshrined the important role of TCM. In 1978, the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee transmitted throughout the country the Ministry of Health's "Report on Implementing the Party's Policies Regarding TCM and Cultivating TCM Practitioners," and lent great support in areas of human resources, finance, and supplies, vigorously promoting the development of TCM. It is stipulated in the Constitution of the PRC that the state promotes modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine to protect the people's health. In 1986, the State Council set up a relatively independent administration of TCM. All provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government have established their respective TCM administrations, which has laid an organizational basis for TCM development. At the Fourth Meeting of the Seventh National People's Congress, equal emphasis was put on Chinese and Western medicine, which was made one of the five guidelines in China's health work in the new period. In 2003 and 2009, the State Council issued the "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Traditional Chinese Medicine" and the "Opinions on Supporting and Promoting the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine," gradually forming a relatively complete policy system on TCM.
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