(四)增強科技和政策研究支撐能力

    加強基礎(chǔ)研究。組織編制第一次、第二次《氣候變化國家評估報告》。開展氣候變化與環(huán)境質(zhì)量關(guān)系、溫室氣體與污染物協(xié)同控制、氣候變化與水循環(huán)機理、氣候變化與林業(yè)響應(yīng)對策等研究。建立未來氣候變化趨勢數(shù)據(jù)集，發(fā)布亞洲地區(qū)氣候變化預(yù)估數(shù)據(jù)集。組建了若干個?！獨庀嗷プ饔门c氣候變化專門實驗室，開展了大量基礎(chǔ)研究工作。

4. Fueling Support from Scientific and Policy Research

Augmenting fundamental research. China has compiled its first and second National Evaluation Reports on Climate Change. It has conducted research into the relations between climatic change and environment quality, coordinated control of greenhouse gas and pollutants, climate change and the water cycle mechanism, and climate change and forestry response measures. It has built a data set on climate change trend, and released a data set on Asian climate change prediction. It has opened several special laboratories in sea-air interaction and climate change, and has conducted large amounts of work in fundamental research.

    推進(jìn)氣候友好技術(shù)研發(fā)。在國家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計劃(“863”計劃)和科技支撐計劃中開展能源清潔高效利用技術(shù)、重點行業(yè)工業(yè)節(jié)能技術(shù)與裝備開發(fā)、建筑節(jié)能關(guān)鍵技術(shù)與材料開發(fā)、重點行業(yè)清潔生產(chǎn)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)與裝備開發(fā)和低碳經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展模式及關(guān)鍵技術(shù)集成應(yīng)用等節(jié)能技術(shù)研發(fā)，取得了一批具有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的發(fā)明專利和重大成果。推動可再生能源和新能源開發(fā)利用技術(shù)、智能電網(wǎng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)等領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)研發(fā)。開展溫室氣體提高石油采收率的資源化利用及地下埋存、咸水層封存能力評價及安全性、新型高效吸附材料的制備篩選等研發(fā)工作。在“十一五”科技支撐計劃中部署氣候變化影響與適應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究、典型脆弱區(qū)域氣候變化適應(yīng)技術(shù)示范等項目專題，在碳排放監(jiān)測方面組織開展嗅碳衛(wèi)星研究。通過“863”計劃和支撐計劃，設(shè)立了主要農(nóng)林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)固碳減排技術(shù)研究與示范、林業(yè)生態(tài)建設(shè)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究與示范、農(nóng)業(yè)重大氣候災(zāi)害監(jiān)測預(yù)警與調(diào)控技術(shù)研究等項目。實施國家科技支撐計劃項目《重點行業(yè)節(jié)能減排技術(shù)評估與應(yīng)用研究》。2010年國家工程研究(技術(shù))中心、國家工程實驗室分別達(dá)到288個和91個。

    加強氣候變化戰(zhàn)略和政策研究。圍繞“十二五”應(yīng)對氣候變化重點任務(wù)，研究應(yīng)對氣候變化的長遠(yuǎn)戰(zhàn)略，開展中國低碳發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略、全國適應(yīng)氣候變化總體戰(zhàn)略、碳排放交易機制、國內(nèi)外應(yīng)對氣候變化相關(guān)法律法規(guī)等研究。啟動中國應(yīng)對氣候變化科技專項行動，總投入經(jīng)費約1.1億人民幣，開展中國綠色發(fā)展的重大戰(zhàn)略及技術(shù)問題等相關(guān)研究。

Promoting climate-friendly technological R&D. With the support of the National Hi-tech R&D Program ("863 Program") and the National Key Technologies R&D Program, China has started R&D into clean and efficient utilization of energies, energy-saving technology and equipment in certain key industries, key energy-saving technology and materials for buildings, key technology and equipment of clean production for key industries, and pattern of a low-carbon economic development and integrated application of key technologies, and has made significant progress with a number of invention patents of its own intellectual property rights. China also pushes forward the R&D of technology for the development and application of renewable and new energies, and key technology for the smart grids. It has made evaluations of the practice of using greenhouse gas as a resource to enhance the petroleum recovery ratio, and of the capacity of underground storage and storage of carbon dioxide in underground saline water, and has carried out R&D in the preparation and sifting of new, safe and efficient absorption materials. Included in the National Key Technologies R&D Program through the 11th Five-Year Plan are special programs to study the impacts caused by and adaption to climate change and corresponding key technologies to address them, and to demonstrate the technologies used to adapt to climate change in typical fragile zones. In terms of carbon emission monitoring, China has begun its research in Orbiting Carbon Observatory. With the support of the "863 Program" and the National Key Technologies R&D Program, China has started to research in and demonstrate carbon capture and emission reduction technologies applied in major agricultural and forestry ecosystems, and key technologies in forestry eco-construction, and research into the technologies for monitoring, early warning and addressing major agriculture-related climatic disasters. It has carried out evaluation and applied research into technologies of energy conservation and emission reduction for key industries, which is a project of the National Key Technologies R&D Program. By 2010, the country had built 288 state engineering research (technological) centers and 91 state engineering laboratories.

Strengthening strategy and policy study. Centering on the major tasks in addressing climate change during the 12th Five-Year Plan period, China is studying a long-term strategy to cope with the issue of climate change, a strategy of low-carbon development, and a national overall strategy to address climate change and carbon trading mechanism, as well as relevant laws and regulations at home and abroad related to climate change. It has started a special scientific action, with a total investment of 110 million yuan, to deal with climate change, and begun studying major strategies and technical issues to promote its own green development.