十年來，中國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快增長，綜合國力不斷增強(qiáng)。在這一進(jìn)程中，國家把扶貧開發(fā)納入國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展總體規(guī)劃，制定和實(shí)施有利于農(nóng)村貧困地區(qū)發(fā)展的政策措施，把扶貧投入作為公共財(cái)政預(yù)算安排的優(yōu)先領(lǐng)域，把貧困地區(qū)作為公共財(cái)政支持的重點(diǎn)區(qū)域，不斷加大對(duì)貧困地區(qū)的扶持力度，切實(shí)提高扶貧政策的執(zhí)行力。

    農(nóng)村政策。中國是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)大國，農(nóng)村人口多，貧困現(xiàn)象突出。實(shí)行有利于減貧的農(nóng)村政策，對(duì)于消除農(nóng)村貧困問題十分重要。十年來，國家實(shí)行統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的方略和工業(yè)反哺農(nóng)業(yè)、城市支持農(nóng)村與“多予少取放活”的方針，全面促進(jìn)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展，使貧困地區(qū)和農(nóng)村貧困人口普遍受益。國家相繼取消牧業(yè)稅、生豬屠宰稅和農(nóng)林特產(chǎn)稅，特別是取消了在中國存在2600多年的農(nóng)業(yè)稅，并以法律形式固定下來，讓中國廣大農(nóng)民徹底告別了繳納農(nóng)業(yè)稅的歷史。全面實(shí)行種糧農(nóng)民直接補(bǔ)貼、良種補(bǔ)貼、農(nóng)機(jī)具購置補(bǔ)貼和農(nóng)資綜合補(bǔ)貼，逐步建立和完善農(nóng)村社會(huì)保障體系，推進(jìn)農(nóng)村飲水、電力、道路、沼氣等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和農(nóng)村危房改造。推行集體林權(quán)制度改革，使農(nóng)民真正擁有林地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)和林木所有權(quán)，落實(shí)各項(xiàng)優(yōu)惠政策，發(fā)展林下經(jīng)濟(jì)和森林旅游，增加農(nóng)民收入。不斷加大強(qiáng)農(nóng)惠農(nóng)富農(nóng)和扶貧開發(fā)的投入力度，中央財(cái)政用于“三農(nóng)”的支出從2003年的2144.2億元人民幣增加到2010年的8579.7億元人民幣，年均增長21.9%，公共財(cái)政覆蓋農(nóng)村步伐明顯加快。國家的一些強(qiáng)農(nóng)惠農(nóng)富農(nóng)政策率先在貧困地區(qū)實(shí)行。其中，免征農(nóng)業(yè)稅試點(diǎn)、農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育“兩免一補(bǔ)”政策(對(duì)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育階段貧困家庭學(xué)生免書本費(fèi)、免雜費(fèi)、補(bǔ)助寄宿生生活費(fèi))、對(duì)國家新安排的公益性基本建設(shè)項(xiàng)目減少或取消縣及縣以下配套，率先在國家扶貧開發(fā)工作重點(diǎn)縣實(shí)行。一些強(qiáng)農(nóng)惠農(nóng)富農(nóng)政策向貧困地區(qū)和貧困人口傾斜。中央財(cái)政在農(nóng)村最低生活保障、新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療和新型農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的制度安排上，對(duì)中西部地區(qū)給予較大支持。2010年，民政部門資助參加新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療4615.4萬人次，資助資金14億元人民幣，人均資助30.3元人民幣。

In the past decade, the national economy of China grew rapidly and steadily, and the overall national strength grew constantly. During this period, the Chinese government incorporated development-oriented poverty reduction into its overall plan for national economic and social development, formulated and implemented policies and measures conducive to the development of poverty-stricken rural areas, made poverty reduction a priority in public finance budgeting, and poor areas key recipients of public finance support, continuously increased support to poor areas and earnestly enhanced ability in the implementation of poverty-reduction policies.

Rural policies. China is traditionally an agricultural country with a large rural population and a great number of people in dire poverty. The implementation of rural policies conducive to rural poverty reduction is thus extremely important for eliminating poverty in rural China. In the past decade, the Chinese government carried out the strategy of coordinating urban and rural economic and social development, and the principles of industry nurturing agriculture, urban areas supporting rural areas and "giving more, taking less and loosening control" to promote the comprehensive development of rural economy and society to benefit all poor areas and all rural poor. The government successively abolished the animal husbandry tax, pig slaughtering tax, and tax on agricultural and forestry specialties. Then, it abolished the agriculture tax and wrote it in the law, and this is of particular significance as it made rural people in China bid final farewell to the payment of agriculture tax that had existed in China for over 2,600 years. The government issued subsidies directly to grain growers, subsidies for purchasing fine seeds and agricultural machinery and tools and general subsidies for purchasing agricultural supplies; gradually established and improved the social security system for rural China, and pushed forward the construction of infrastructure related to drinking water, electricity, road and methane, along with the renovation of dilapidated rural housing. The system of collective forest rights was reformed to make farmers real contractors of forested land and real owners of trees in the forests, various preferential policies were implemented to develop the forest economy and forest tourism to increase the farmers' incomes. The government kept increasing investment into measures that strengthen agriculture and measures that bring benefits to the farmers and increase their incomes, as well as the development-oriented poverty reduction program. The outlays of the central finance on agriculture, the countryside and farmers increased from 214.42 billion yuan in 2003 to 857.97 billion yuan in 2010, representing an annual increase of 21.9 percent on average, indicating that the public finance is quickening the pace of supporting the countryside. Some state policies that strengthen agriculture and benefit farmers and increase their incomes were first carried out in impoverished areas. Of them, some policies were first carried out in key counties in the national development-oriented poverty reduction programs, and these policies included the pilot project to abolish the agriculture tax, the policy to exempt rural students in compulsory education from poor families from paying tuition and miscellaneous fees, and to provide living subsides for boarders, and the policy to reduce or cancel the required supporting funds to be supplied by local governments at and below the county level for the new public-welfare infrastructure projects listed in national plans. Poor areas and poor people were given top priority in the implementation of some policies that strengthen agriculture and benefit farmers. The central government gave considerable financial support to central and western regions in terms of subsistence allowances for rural residents, new cooperative medical care and new social endowment insurance for rural residents. In 2010, the civil affairs departments paid a total of 1.4 billion yuan in subsidies to 46.154 million people in the new rural cooperative medical care scheme, or an average of 30.3 yuan per person.