建立分級(jí)分層新聞發(fā)布制度。堅(jiān)持國(guó)家和地方相結(jié)合、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)發(fā)布與網(wǎng)上發(fā)布相結(jié)合，建立多層次多渠道多平臺(tái)信息發(fā)布機(jī)制，持續(xù)發(fā)布權(quán)威信息，及時(shí)回應(yīng)國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)注的疫情形勢(shì)、疫情防控、醫(yī)療救治、科研攻關(guān)等熱點(diǎn)問題。截至5月31日，國(guó)務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制、國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室共舉行新聞發(fā)布會(huì)161場(chǎng)，邀請(qǐng)50多個(gè)部門490余人次出席發(fā)布會(huì)，回答中外媒體1400多個(gè)提問；湖北省舉行103場(chǎng)新聞發(fā)布會(huì)，其他省份共舉行1050場(chǎng)新聞發(fā)布會(huì)。

　　依法適時(shí)訂正病例數(shù)據(jù)。本土疫情得到控制后，為確保公開透明、數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)確，武漢市針對(duì)疫情早期因收治能力不足導(dǎo)致患者在家中病亡、醫(yī)院超負(fù)荷運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)、死亡病例信息登記不全等原因，客觀上存在遲報(bào)、漏報(bào)、誤報(bào)現(xiàn)象，根據(jù)相關(guān)法律規(guī)定，在深入開展涉疫大數(shù)據(jù)與流行病學(xué)調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)確診和死亡病例數(shù)進(jìn)行了訂正，并向社會(huì)公開發(fā)布。

A tiered news release mechanism has been formed.At both national and local levels, a tiered information release mechanism has been formed to circulate authoritative information through various channels and platforms, both onsite and online, in order to address domestic and international concerns on virus control, medical treatment, and scientific research. By May 31, the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism and the Information Office of the State Council had held 161 press conferences during which officials from more than 50 government departments appeared over 490 times and answered more than 1,400 questions from Chinese and foreign media. One hundred and three press conferences had been held in Hubei and 1,050 in the other provinces.

Covid-19 statistics have been updated in accordance with the law.In the early stage of Covid-19 control, there were late, incomplete and erroneous reports of Covid-19 cases in Wuhan due to unverified deaths at home, inadequate hospital capacity, hospitals being overwhelmed, and incomplete recording of deaths. After the domestic spread of Covid-19 had been brought under control, the city updated the number of confirmed cases and deaths based on big data application and an epidemiological investigation to ensure accuracy of the data, and released the results in an open and transparent manner in accordance with the law.

　　多渠道多平臺(tái)傳播信息。國(guó)家衛(wèi)生健康委中、英文官方網(wǎng)站和政務(wù)新媒體平臺(tái)設(shè)置疫情防控專題頁面，發(fā)布每日疫情信息，解讀政策措施，介紹中國(guó)抗疫進(jìn)展，普及科學(xué)防控知識(shí)，澄清謠言傳言。各省（自治區(qū)、直轄市）政府網(wǎng)站及政務(wù)新媒體平臺(tái)及時(shí)發(fā)布本地疫情信息和防控舉措。大力開展應(yīng)急科普，通過科普專業(yè)平臺(tái)、媒體和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)面向公眾普及科學(xué)認(rèn)知、科學(xué)防治知識(shí)，組織權(quán)威專家介紹日常防控常識(shí)，引導(dǎo)公眾理性認(rèn)識(shí)新冠肺炎疫情，做好個(gè)人防護(hù)，消除恐慌恐懼。加強(qiáng)社會(huì)輿論引導(dǎo)，各類媒體充分傳遞抗擊疫情正能量，同時(shí)發(fā)揮輿論監(jiān)督作用，推動(dòng)解決疫情防控中出現(xiàn)的問題。

Covid-19-related information is provided through various channels and platforms.The NHC’s official Chinese and English websites and its social media platform have special sections where Covid-19-related information is released on a daily basis, including information on relevant policies, progress in China’s containment efforts, updates on disease prevention and control, and clarifications that refute rumors. Information on local Covid-19 control has been promptly released on government websites and social media platforms of all provinces. To disseminate knowledge about its Covid-19 response, China has released relevant information through platforms for popularizing science, and through the media and the internet. Leading medical experts have offered advice on routine self-protection to help the public see Covid-19 in a rational way and forestall panic. The media has expanded public outreach and sent a positive message in combating the virus, and public opinion has played its role of oversight to help solve problems affecting virus control.

　?。ㄎ澹┏浞职l(fā)揮科技支撐作用

　　科學(xué)技術(shù)是人類同疾病較量的銳利武器，人類戰(zhàn)勝大災(zāi)大疫離不開科學(xué)發(fā)展和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新。面對(duì)人類未知的新冠病毒，中國(guó)堅(jiān)持以科學(xué)為先導(dǎo)，充分運(yùn)用近年來科技創(chuàng)新成果，組織協(xié)調(diào)全國(guó)優(yōu)勢(shì)科研力量，以武漢市為主戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)，統(tǒng)籌全國(guó)和疫情重災(zāi)區(qū)，根據(jù)疫情發(fā)展不同階段確定科研攻關(guān)重點(diǎn)，堅(jiān)持科研、臨床、防控一線相互協(xié)同和產(chǎn)學(xué)研各方緊密配合，為疫情防控提供了有力科技支撐。

5.Science and Technology Underpin China’s Efforts

Science and technology are the sharp blade that humanity wields in the battle against disease. Such battles could not have been won without scientific advances and technological innovation. Confronted by Covid-19, a previously unknown virus, China has exploited the pioneering role of science and technology and fully applied the results of scientific and technical innovation in recent years. Top scientific research resources have gathered from around the nation to support virus control. Focusing on the main battlefield of Wuhan and coordinating efforts in the most severely-affected areas and across the rest of the country, China pinpointed key R&D areas for different stages of virus control. The close coordination between scientific research, clinical application, and frontline virus control, and between enterprises, universities, and research institutes, has given powerful support for the war against the virus.

　　實(shí)施科研應(yīng)急攻關(guān)。遵循安全、有效、可供的原則，加快推進(jìn)藥物、疫苗、新型檢測(cè)試劑等研發(fā)和應(yīng)用。適應(yīng)疫情防控一線的緊迫需求，圍繞“可溯、可診、可治、可防、可控”，堅(jiān)持產(chǎn)學(xué)研用相結(jié)合，聚焦臨床救治和藥物、疫苗研發(fā)、檢測(cè)技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品、病毒病原學(xué)和流行病學(xué)、動(dòng)物模型構(gòu)建5大主攻方向，組織全國(guó)優(yōu)勢(shì)力量開展疫情防控科技攻關(guān)，加速推進(jìn)科技研發(fā)和應(yīng)用，部署啟動(dòng)83個(gè)應(yīng)急攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目。按照滅活疫苗、重組蛋白疫苗、減毒流感病毒載體疫苗、腺病毒載體疫苗、核酸疫苗等5條技術(shù)路線開展疫苗研發(fā)。目前，已有4種滅活疫苗和1種腺病毒載體疫苗獲批開展臨床試驗(yàn)，總體研發(fā)進(jìn)度與國(guó)外持平，部分技術(shù)路線進(jìn)展處于國(guó)際領(lǐng)先。組織科研團(tuán)隊(duì)開展科學(xué)溯源研究。

Key progress has been made in scientific research.Following the principles of safety, effectiveness and availability, China has accelerated the R&D and application of medicines, vaccines, and new test kits. To meet the urgent needs of frontline virus control, and to ensure traceability of infection sources, diagnosis and treatment of patients, and prevention and control of infections, China has pooled resources from enterprises, universities, and research institutes, directing them to focus on five areas – clinical treatment, new medicines and vaccines, testing techniques and products, viral etiology and epidemiology, and animal model construction. Top research resources from around the nation have been galvanized to work on these tasks in pursuit of early results and application. A total of 83 emergency R&D programs have been initiated. Vaccines are being developed in five categories – inactivated vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines, live attenuated influenza vaccines, adenovirus vaccines, and nucleic acid-based vaccines. To date, four inactivated vaccines and one adenovirus vaccine have been approved for clinical trials. While scientists in China and abroad have kept up with mutual developments, China leads the world in the development of certain types of vaccines. Research teams have also been assembled to trace the origin of Covid-19.

　　堅(jiān)持科研攻關(guān)和臨床救治、防控實(shí)踐相結(jié)合。第一時(shí)間研發(fā)出核酸檢測(cè)試劑盒，推出一批靈敏度高、操作便捷的檢測(cè)設(shè)備和試劑，檢測(cè)試劑研發(fā)布局涵蓋核酸檢測(cè)、基因測(cè)序、免疫法檢測(cè)等多個(gè)技術(shù)路徑。堅(jiān)持“老藥新用”基本思路，積極篩選有效治療藥物，探索新的治療手段，在嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)捏w外研究和機(jī)制研究基礎(chǔ)上，不斷總結(jié)救治經(jīng)驗(yàn)，推動(dòng)磷酸氯喹、恢復(fù)期血漿、托珠單抗和中醫(yī)藥方劑、中成藥等10種藥物或治療手段進(jìn)入診療方案，獲得4項(xiàng)臨床批件，形成5項(xiàng)指導(dǎo)意見或?qū)＜夜沧R(shí)。開展試驗(yàn)性臨床治療，加快推廣應(yīng)用臨床驗(yàn)證有效的診療方法和藥物。強(qiáng)化實(shí)驗(yàn)室生物安全監(jiān)管，加強(qiáng)新冠病毒臨床檢測(cè)血液樣本和實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測(cè)生物樣本管理。

Scientific R&D has been integrated with clinical treatment and epidemic control.Having promptly developed nucleic acid test kits, China has also introduced a range of high-sensitivity, easy-to-use test equipment and reagents. Its R&D of reagents covers nucleic acid testing, gene testing, and immunological testing.

Putting existing medicines to new use, China has searched for effective medicines and new therapies, and summarized clinical experience based on rigorous in vitro experiments and pathogenic research. Ten types of medicine, including chloroquine phosphate, tocilizumab, finished TCM drugs, and herbal preparations, as well as convalescent plasma therapy, have been adopted in treatment plans. Approval for clinical trial has been given to four medicines, and guidelines formed or expert consensus reached in five areas. Clinical treatments have been trialed, and diagnosis and treatment methods and medicines that have proven clinically effective have been rolled out at a faster pace. Biosecurity has been strengthened at laboratories, as has the management of blood samples for Covid-19 testing and biological samples for laboratory testing.