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例6 Vladimir, a Russian dog-owner told his friend Igor that he was planning to sell
the animal.
俄國(guó)人弗拉基米爾養(yǎng)了 一條狗。他對(duì)朋友伊戈?duì)栒f(shuō),他打算把耶條狗賣掉。
例7 Rohde brought a 400-pound Bengal tiger into a meeting where the big cat brushed up against the CEO.
羅德把ー只體重400磅的孟加拉虎帶到會(huì)上,讓它蹭了蹭首席執(zhí)行官。
在稱呼上,英語(yǔ)有時(shí)也同漢語(yǔ)有別。比如,例8中的稱呼就應(yīng)該用比較籠統(tǒng)的詞語(yǔ)來(lái)替代,有時(shí)還要適當(dāng)加以調(diào)整:
例8 “Good work!”says the teacher. “Boys and girls,I think it's wonderful that
Kiko over here knows the answers. ”
“答得好!”老師說(shuō)?!巴瑢W(xué)們,這位木子同學(xué)知道正確答案,真是了不起?!?/p>
總之,英語(yǔ)民族為了避免重復(fù),經(jīng)常使用各種不同的指稱手段。在翻譯中,我們首先要根據(jù)上下文,弄淸它們與具體指稱対象的關(guān)系,并且按照漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣,或直譯之,或重復(fù)之,或用具體代詞或名詞替代之,使譯文讀者對(duì)這些關(guān)系一目了然。