4. In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer’s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism ; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted , a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression ? （5）不僅如此，有些黑人小說（比如JT的甘蔗）的風(fēng)格接近與表現(xiàn)主義和超現(xiàn)實主義；這種技巧是否為流行的主題提供了一個和諧的對應(yīng)呢？這種主題刻畫了黑人注意與之相抗爭的命運，這是一個通常用更為自然主義的表現(xiàn)手法所表達的主題。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語
解釋：在本句中有三個詞需要先解釋一番：verge on這個詞組是接近于、瀕于的意思，hero在文學(xué)作品中是主人公的意思，pit作動詞時，除了挖坑、窖藏之外，還有使競爭、使斗爭的意思，其英文釋義為：to set as gamecocks into or as if into a pit to fight, to set into opposition or rivalry usually used with against.在此用的是后一種語義的被動語態(tài)fate againt which Black heros are pitted.如果用主動語態(tài)則是：pit black heros againt fate。
另外本句的結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，分號之后是一個一般疑問句，但是由于修飾成分過多，過長，使得讀者看不清楚這個句子在問什么。其實如果沒有最后的那個prevalent theme的同位語a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression，本句會易懂得多。
意群訓(xùn)練：In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer's Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism； does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression?
5. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels，bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. （4）注意：bring A to B ——〉bring to B A
《黑人小說》考察了極為廣泛的一系列小說，在此過程中讓我們注意到了某些引人入勝但卻鮮為人知的作品，如詹姆斯。韋爾登。約翰遜（James Weldon Johnson）的《一個曾經(jīng)是有色人的自傳》（Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man）。
難句類型：倒裝
解釋：在以bringing開頭的作狀語的分詞中出現(xiàn)了倒裝，bring A to B被倒裝為bring to B A,其倒裝的原因仍是為了避免頭重腳輕，正常的語序應(yīng)該如下：bringing some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon johnson's Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man to our attention in the process.
意群訓(xùn)練：Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels， bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson's Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man.
6. Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths， where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated，to pass through，they absorb some of the longer-wavelength，infrared emissions radiated from the Earth’s surface，radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space. (4) 雖然這些分子允許可見波長（visible wavelength）的輻射——陽光的絕大部分能量就匯集于此——不受阻擋地穿透，但它們卻會吸收某些較長波長（longer-wavelength），亦即從地球表面輻射出的紅外發(fā)射（infrared emission），這種輻射若不是二氧化碳的緣故就會被重新輸送回太空。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、抽象詞
解釋：前面的分句中有一個不算很長的插入語，但是因為它插入的位置正好在固定搭配allow something to do somthing中間，將allow和to分得很遠，所以讀起來讓人感覺很不舒服。
后面的分句中的最后一行radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space是其前面的infrared emissions的同位語。其中的otherwise是副詞作狀語，表示如果后面的分句所說的they absorb some of the longer-waverlength, infrared emissions不發(fā)生時的后果。
意群訓(xùn)練：Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths， where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated， to pass through， they absorb some of the longer-wavelength， infrared emissions radiated from the Earth's surface， radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space.
7. The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints—ways of feeling，thinking，and acting that "come naturally" in archetypal situations in any culture. （4）
這些人類學(xué)家所歸諸于生物進化的作用，不是規(guī)定人類行為的種種細節(jié)，而是將各種限制強加于人類——即在任何文化的典型情景中都會“自然表露”的情感、思維、以及行動方式。
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