依照憲法和有關(guān)法律，全國人大常委會決定全國總動員或者局部動員。國家主席根據(jù)全國人大常委會的決定，發(fā)布動員令。國務(wù)院、中央軍委共同領(lǐng)導(dǎo)全國的國防動員工作，制定國防動員的方針、政策和法規(guī)，根據(jù)全國人大常委會的決定和國家主席發(fā)布的動員令，組織國防動員的實施。國家的主權(quán)、統(tǒng)一、領(lǐng)土完整和安全遭受直接威脅必須立即采取應(yīng)對措施時，國務(wù)院、中央軍委可以根據(jù)應(yīng)急處置的需要，采取必要的國防動員措施，同時向全國人大常委會報告。
地方人民政府貫徹和執(zhí)行國防動員工作的方針、政策和法律、法規(guī)，組織本行政區(qū)域國防動員的實施?？h級以上人民政府有關(guān)部門和軍隊有關(guān)部門在各自的職責(zé)范圍內(nèi)，負(fù)責(zé)有關(guān)的國防動員工作，按照職責(zé)落實國防動員計劃和國防動員實施預(yù)案。
According to the Constitution and related laws, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) decides on general or partial mobilization. The president of the People's Republic of China, pursuant to the decisions of the Standing Committee of the NPC, issues mobilization orders. The State Council and the CMC work in combination to direct nationwide mobilization, formulate principles, policies and regulations, and organize the implementation of mobilization in accordance with the decisions of the Standing Committee of the NPC and mobilization orders issued by the president. When China's state sovereignty, national unification, territorial integrity or security are under imminent threat which requires an immediate action, the State Council and the CMC may take the necessary measures of national defense mobilization in response to the urgency and seriousness of the event, and at the same time report to the Standing Committee of the NPC.
Local people's governments organize and execute national defense mobilization within its administrative area in accordance with relevant principles, policies, laws and regulations. Related departments of local people's governments at and above the county level and those of the armed forces, within their respective scopes of duties, take charge of national defense mobilization work, and execute the programs and pre-arranged implementation plans.
國家、軍區(qū)和縣級以上地方人民政府均設(shè)立國防動員委員會。國家國防動員委員會在國務(wù)院、中央軍委的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，負(fù)責(zé)組織、指導(dǎo)、協(xié)調(diào)全國的國防動員工作，主任、副主任由國務(wù)院、中央軍委領(lǐng)導(dǎo)兼任，委員由國務(wù)院有關(guān)部委和軍隊各總部有關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)組成。主要任務(wù)是貫徹積極防御軍事戰(zhàn)略方針，組織實施國家國防動員工作；協(xié)調(diào)國防動員工作中經(jīng)濟(jì)與軍事、軍隊與政府、人力與物力之間的關(guān)系。各軍區(qū)和縣級以上地方人民政府國防動員委員會，負(fù)責(zé)組織、指導(dǎo)、協(xié)調(diào)本區(qū)域的國防動員工作。國防動員委員會設(shè)有辦事機(jī)構(gòu)，承擔(dān)本級國防動員委員會的日常工作。目前，國家國防動員委員會設(shè)有人民武裝動員、國民經(jīng)濟(jì)動員、人民防空、交通戰(zhàn)備和國防教育等辦事機(jī)構(gòu)，軍區(qū)和地方各級國防動員委員會設(shè)立相應(yīng)辦事機(jī)構(gòu)。
2010年2月，全國人大常委會審議通過《中華人民共和國國防動員法》，規(guī)范了國防動員平時準(zhǔn)備和戰(zhàn)時實施的基本內(nèi)容，規(guī)定了公民和組織在國防動員活動中的義務(wù)、權(quán)利，完善了國防動員的基本制度。
At each level of the people's government from the county up to the state and in each military area command, there is a national defense mobilization commission. The State Commission for National Defense Mobilization, under the leadership of the State Council and the CMC, is in charge of organizing, directing and coordinating the nationwide national defense mobilization. The leaders of the State Council and the CMC take the positions of chairman and vice chairmen of the State Commission for National Defense Mobilization. Other members of the Commission include leaders of relevant ministries and commissions under the State Council, and leaders of the general headquarters/departments of the PLA. The core responsibilities of the Commission are to carry out the military strategy of active defense, organize and implement the state's defense mobilization, and coordinate relations between economic and military affairs, the armed forces and the government, and manpower and materials support in defense mobilization. Commissions for national defense mobilization of military area commands and local people's governments at and above county level are in charge of organizing, directing and coordinating national defense mobilization work within their respective jurisdictions. There are administrative offices in each commission for national defense mobilization to organize its routine work. At present, the State Commission for National Defense Mobilization has under its charge administrative offices responsible for the mobilization of the people's armed forces, national economy, civil air defense, transportation, and national defense education. The commissions in military area commands and local governments have under them corresponding offices.
In February 2010, the NPC Standing Committee passed the National Defense Mobilization Law of the People's Republic of China which specifies the peacetime preparations for and wartime implementation of national defense mobilization, stipulating the obligations and rights of each citizen and organization during mobilization and improving China's basic mobilization system.
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