近年來，預備役部隊各項建設和改革不斷取得新的進步。完善地域編組形式，探索依托高新技術行業(yè)成系統(tǒng)成建制對口編組，以及人員與裝備結(jié)合編組、聯(lián)片編組和跨地域抽組等多種編組形式。根據(jù)戰(zhàn)時可能承擔的任務，修訂完善預備役部隊軍事訓練與考核大綱，加強與現(xiàn)役部隊掛鉤訓練、聯(lián)合訓練，開展基地化、模擬化、網(wǎng)絡化訓練。預備役官兵每年一般進行240小時的軍政訓練。預備役部隊建設圍繞平時能應急、戰(zhàn)時能應戰(zhàn)的目標，加快推進由數(shù)量規(guī)模型向質(zhì)量效能型、由直接參與作戰(zhàn)向支援保障作戰(zhàn)為主轉(zhuǎn)變、由補充一般兵員向補充技術兵員為主轉(zhuǎn)變，努力成為現(xiàn)役部隊的得力助手和國防后備力量的拳頭。
民兵建設
民兵是中國武裝力量的重要組成部分，是人民解放軍的后備力量。近年來，民兵建設深化調(diào)整改革，在結(jié)構(gòu)布局調(diào)整、訓練改革和裝備建設等方面取得新進展。全國現(xiàn)有基干民兵800萬。
In recent years, the reserve force has undergone consistent improvement in various aspects of its building and reform. It works to improve its organizational models on a regional basis, to explore a systematic and organic organizational model based on new and high-tech industries, and to develop such organizational models as personnel-and-equipment organization, trans-regional organization and community-based organization. Based on possible wartime assignments, the reserve force has revised and updated the guidelines for its military training and evaluation, strengthened integrated training with active PLA units, and conducted on-base, simulated and networked training. Reserve officers and men are required to devote 240 hours to political education and military training each year. To be able to respond to emergencies in peacetime and to fight in war, the focus of the reserve force is shifting from quantity and scale to quality and efficiency, from a combat role to a support role, and from the provision of general-purpose soldiers to soldiers with special skills. It is working to become an efficient auxiliary to the active force and a strong component of the national defense reserve.
Militia Force Building
The militia force is an important component of China's armed forces as well as the backup force of the PLA. In recent years, through transformation and reform, it has made progress in restructuring, in training reform, and in equipment building. China now has 8 million primary militia members.
重點加強邊海防作戰(zhàn)隊伍、軍兵種勤務保障隊伍和應急隊伍建設，加大由農(nóng)村向城鎮(zhèn)和重要交通沿線、由一般地區(qū)向主要方向和重點地區(qū)、由傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)向高新技術行業(yè)拓展力度，民兵結(jié)構(gòu)布局更趨合理。按照新一代《民兵軍事訓練與考核大綱》要求，推進軍事訓練改革，開展與現(xiàn)役部隊聯(lián)訓聯(lián)演，加強各級民兵訓練基地配套建設，抓好重點分隊訓練，民兵急時應急、戰(zhàn)時應戰(zhàn)能力明顯增強。加強防空作戰(zhàn)與應急維穩(wěn)裝備建設，配發(fā)新型防空武器裝備，對現(xiàn)有武器進行技術升級改造，武器裝備完好率、配套率顯著提高。
民兵積極參加反恐維穩(wěn)、搶險救災、護邊控邊、治安聯(lián)防等行動，在完成多樣化軍事任務中發(fā)揮了獨特優(yōu)勢。每年組織9萬多民兵參加守護橋梁、隧道和鐵路線，20多萬民兵參加軍警民聯(lián)防巡邏，90多萬民兵參與重大自然災害應急救援，近200萬民兵參加城鄉(xiāng)社會治安綜合治理。
The militia force gives priority to reinforcing those units which are tasked with defending border and coastal areas, providing service support for different arms and services, and responding in emergencies. It has been realigned to extend from rural to urban areas as well as to areas along important communication lines, from ordinary locations to key sites and areas, and from traditional industries to new and high-tech ones. As a result, its structure and layout have been further improved. In line with the newly revised Outline for Military Training and Evaluation of the Militia, it promotes reforms in military training, holds joint training and exercises with active PLA units, improves the construction of associated training base facilities at all levels, and attaches importance to key detachment training. Its capabilities in dealing with both emergencies and wars have been greatly enhanced. The militia strengthens its building of equipment for the purposes of air defense, emergency response, and maintaining stability, supply of new types of air defense weaponry and equipment, and retrofitting and upgrading of existing weapons. There have been significant increases in the level of equipment-readiness and in the full kit rate (FKR).
The militia has taken an active part in such operations as counter-terrorism, stability maintenance, emergency rescue, disaster relief, border protection and control, and joint defense of public security, and has played a unique role in accomplishing diversified military tasks. Each year, it mobilizes more than 90,000 militiamen to serve as guards on bridges, tunnels and railways, more than 200,000 to take part in joint military-police-civilian defense patrols, more than 900,000 to participate in emergency response, rescue and relief operations following major natural disasters, and nearly 2 million to engage in the comprehensive control and management of social order in rural and urban areas.
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