中國的人口居世界第一，農(nóng)業(yè)人口也是如此。雖然水資源短缺，可耕地僅占世界7%，但是中國卻負(fù)擔(dān)著世界上四分之一的人口。與此同時(shí)，中國必須適應(yīng)進(jìn)入世貿(mào)帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。基于以上因素，中國應(yīng)當(dāng)大力依靠科學(xué)技術(shù)，加快農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化與現(xiàn)代化的步伐。農(nóng)業(yè)高科技研究主要包括生物工程、信息以及新材料新裝備工程領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的高科技。
China, with the largest population in the world, also ranks first in agricultural population. In spite of shortages of water and just 7 percent of the world's arable land, China has to feed a quarter of the world's population. At the same time, it has to adapt to the challenges of impending WTO membership. Given these circumstances, China must vigorously accelerate the industrialization and modernization of agriculture by relying on science and technology. Agricultural high-tech research primarily involves new technologies in the fields of bioengineering, information, and new materials and facility engineering.
生物工程技術(shù)主要包括基因工程、作物分子示蹤、動(dòng)物克隆以及轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)。中國的基因工程研究起步于二十世紀(jì)八十年代初，到1996年底，所研究的轉(zhuǎn)基因植物種類總數(shù)達(dá)到47個(gè)，涉及103種基因。通過十年的努力，中國在眾多領(lǐng)域都達(dá)到或超過了國際先進(jìn)水平。
Agricultural bioengineering mainly includes genetic engineering, molecular labeling of crops, cloning of animals and transgenetic technology. Agricultural genetic engineering research in China began in the early 1980s and by the end of 1996; the number of species of transgenetic plants under research totaled 47, involving 103 genes. Through 10 years of effort, China has equaled or surpassed the international advanced levels in many fields.
中國的智能型農(nóng)業(yè)信息技術(shù)始于二十世紀(jì)八十年代。信息技術(shù)在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)及管理方面扮演著重要角色，并極大促進(jìn)了計(jì)算機(jī)在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的廣泛應(yīng)用。在中國，農(nóng)業(yè)信息技術(shù)已在小麥、水稻、棉花、玉米、油菜、煙草、柑桔、甘蔗、西紅柿等作物的土地管理、施肥、病蟲害防治方面得到大力推廣。另一項(xiàng)重大突破是農(nóng)業(yè)遙感技術(shù)，其研究成果使得農(nóng)業(yè)宏觀決策更為科學(xué)。新技術(shù)的使用有效提高了農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量估計(jì)的準(zhǔn)確度及可靠性。與此同時(shí)，遙感技術(shù)也廣泛應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)資源的探尋。由于中國土地廣闊，農(nóng)業(yè)資源多樣，遙感技術(shù)自引進(jìn)以來已成為農(nóng)業(yè)資源探尋的重要技術(shù)手段之一。
In the 1980s, China began research and the application of intelligent agricultural information technology. Information technology has played a prominent role in agricultural production and management, greatly accelerating the extensive application of computers in agriculture. In China, agricultural information technology has developed considerably regarding field management, fertilization, and disease and pest prevention and treatment for such crops as wheat, rice, cotton, corn, rape, tobacco, oranges, sugarcane and tomatoes. Another key break-through is the agricultural remote-sensing undertakings, the research results of which have helped to make agricultural macro-decision making more scientific. The application of new technologies has effectively improved the accuracy and reliability of crop output estimates. Remote-sensing technology also has been extensively used in surveying agricultural resources. As China is a vast country with numerous kinds of agricultural resources, remote-sensing technology has becomes one of the main technological resources surveying since it was introduced.
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