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《中國農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)的新進(jìn)展》(中英對照)II

發(fā)布時間: 2018-04-10 08:52:56   作者:譯聚網(wǎng)   來源: 國新網(wǎng)   瀏覽次數(shù):



    貧困地區(qū)生產(chǎn)生活條件明顯改善。國家不斷加大貧困地區(qū)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)投入,全面改善這些地方的生產(chǎn)生活條件。從2002年至2010年,592個國家扶貧開發(fā)工作重點縣新增基本農(nóng)田5245.6萬畝,新建及改擴建公路里程95.2萬公里,新增教育衛(wèi)生用房3506.1萬平方米,解決了5675.7萬人、4999.3萬頭大牲畜的飲水困難。到2010年底,國家扶貧開發(fā)工作重點縣農(nóng)村飲用自來水、深水井農(nóng)戶達(dá)到60.9%,自然村通公路比例為88.1%、通電比例為98%、通電話比例為92.9%,農(nóng)戶人均住房面積24.9平方米,農(nóng)戶使用旱廁和水沖式廁所比重達(dá)88.4%。貧困地區(qū)農(nóng)村面貌發(fā)生明顯變化。


    貧困地區(qū)社會事業(yè)不斷進(jìn)步。農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育得到加強,掃除青壯年文盲工作取得積極進(jìn)展,到2010年底,國家扶貧開發(fā)工作重點縣7至15歲學(xué)齡兒童入學(xué)率達(dá)到97.7%,接近全國平均水平;青壯年文盲率為7%,比2002年下降5.4個百分點,青壯年勞動力平均受教育年限達(dá)到8年。新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療實現(xiàn)全覆蓋,基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系建設(shè)不斷加強,到2010年底,國家扶貧開發(fā)工作重點縣參加新農(nóng)合的農(nóng)戶比例達(dá)到93.3%,有病能及時就醫(yī)的比重達(dá)到91.4%,鄉(xiāng)鄉(xiāng)建有衛(wèi)生院,絕大多數(shù)行政村設(shè)有衛(wèi)生室。貧困地區(qū)人口和計劃生育工作、公共文化服務(wù)體系建設(shè)繼續(xù)得到加強。


Production and living conditions in poor areas have been greatly improved. The state has constantly increased investment in infrastructure construction in poor areas to improve production and living conditions there. From 2002 to 2010, 592 key counties in the national development-oriented poverty reduction programs saw their basic farmland increased by 52.456 million mu (approximately 3,497,067 ha), the mileage of newly constructed, renovated and extended roads by 952,000 km, and their buildings for education and health care by 35.061 million sq m, in addition to the solution of drinking-water problem for 56.757 million people and 49.993 million head of livestock. By the end of 2010, in the key counties in the national development-oriented poverty reduction programs, 60.9 percent of rural households had access to tap water or well water, 88.1 percent of villages had access to roads, 98 percent had access to electricity, and 92.9 percent had access to telephones. In addition, their per-capita housing space reached 24.9 sq m, and 88.4 percent of the rural households had hygienic latrines.


Social undertakings in poor areas have made constant progress. Compulsory education in rural areas has been strengthened, and the work to eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged people has made great headway. By the end of 2010, in the key counties in the national development-oriented poverty reduction programs, 97.7 percent of children aged between 7 and 15 were enrolled in school, close to the national average level; the illiteracy rate of young and middle-aged people had decreased to 7 percent, 5.4 percentage points lower than in 2002; and the average schooling time for the young and middle-aged had reached eight years. In addition, the new type of cooperative medical care system for rural residents had covered all the rural population, and the primary-level medical and health service system had been improved. By the end of 2010, in the key counties in the national development-oriented poverty reduction programs, 93.3 percent of rural households had participated in the new cooperative medical care system, and 91.4 percent of rural residents were able to get timely medical service; every township had a hospital, and most administrative villages had a clinic. Population and family planning work, and the building of a public cultural service system in poor areas were strengthened.


    貧困地區(qū)生態(tài)惡化趨勢初步得到遏制。從2002年至2010年,國家扶貧開發(fā)工作重點縣實施退耕還林還草14923.5萬畝,新增經(jīng)濟(jì)林22643.4萬畝。國家扶貧開發(fā)工作重點縣飲用水水源受污染的農(nóng)戶比例從2002年的15.5%下降到2010年的5.1%,獲取燃料困難的農(nóng)戶比例從45%下降到31.4%。


    三、專項扶貧


    中國政府把收入在扶貧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以下的人口作為扶貧對象,把貧困人口集中的中西部革命老區(qū)、少數(shù)民族地區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)和特困地區(qū)作為扶貧開發(fā)的重點區(qū)域,在這些地區(qū)確定了592個國家扶貧開發(fā)工作重點縣給予重點扶持。中央和地方各級政府編制專項規(guī)劃,安排專項資金,集中資源改善這些地區(qū)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,發(fā)展特色優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)業(yè),完善社會服務(wù)體系,增強人口素質(zhì)。東部以及中西部其他地區(qū)的貧困縣、鄉(xiāng)、村,主要由地方政府負(fù)責(zé)扶持。


Ecological degradation has been brought under initial control. From 2002 to 2010, in the key counties in the national development-oriented poverty reduction programs 149.235 million mu (or 9.949 million ha) of farmland was restored to forest or grassland, and 226.434 million mu (or 15.0956 million ha) of economic forest was planted. In these counties, the proportion of households whose drinking water sources were polluted decreased from 15.5 percent in 2002 to 5.1 percent in 2010, and that of households having difficulty in getting fuel decreased from 45 percent to 31.4 percent.

III. Special Poverty Reduction Programs


The Chinese government aims its poverty reduction programs at all people whose income is below the poverty line, while putting emphasis on the old revolutionary bases in the central and western regions, areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, border areas and destitute areas. It includes 592 counties in these areas in the key programs of the nation' s poverty reduction effort. The central government and local governments at all levels formulate special programs, appropriate special funds and concentrate resources to improve infrastructure construction, develop specialty and competitive industries, improve social services and enhance the people's quality in these areas. The local governments of other impoverished counties, townships and villages in the eastern, central and western regions are mainly responsible for their respective poverty reduction programs.



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