實(shí)施易地扶貧搬遷。在堅(jiān)持群眾自愿的前提下，對(duì)居住在生存條件惡劣、自然資源貧乏地區(qū)的貧困人口實(shí)行易地扶貧搬遷，是改善他們生存環(huán)境和發(fā)展條件的重要途徑。截至2010年，中國政府對(duì)770余萬貧困人口實(shí)行了扶貧搬遷，有效改善了這些群眾的居住、交通、用電等生活條件。在推進(jìn)工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化的進(jìn)程中，一些貧困地區(qū)把扶貧搬遷與縣城、中心鎮(zhèn)、工業(yè)園區(qū)建設(shè)和退耕還林還草、生態(tài)移民、撤鄉(xiāng)并鎮(zhèn)、防災(zāi)避災(zāi)等項(xiàng)目相結(jié)合，在促進(jìn)貧困農(nóng)民轉(zhuǎn)移就業(yè)的同時(shí)，改善了這些群眾獲得公共服務(wù)的條件。

    開展金融扶貧。資金短缺一直是制約貧困人口生存和發(fā)展的重要因素。從2006年開始，國家在全國1.36萬個(gè)貧困村開展了貧困村互助資金試點(diǎn)，每個(gè)試點(diǎn)村安排財(cái)政扶貧資金15萬元人民幣，按照“民有、民用、民管、民享、周轉(zhuǎn)使用、滾動(dòng)發(fā)展”的方式支持村民發(fā)展生產(chǎn)，建立起財(cái)政扶貧資金使用長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制。開展扶貧貸款財(cái)政貼息改革，引導(dǎo)和撬動(dòng)金融機(jī)構(gòu)擴(kuò)大貼息貸款投放規(guī)模，從2001年至2010年，中央財(cái)政累計(jì)安排扶貧貸款財(cái)政貼息資金54.15億元人民幣、發(fā)放扶貧貸款近2000億元人民幣。特別是2008年國家對(duì)扶貧貸款管理體制進(jìn)行全面改革，通過引入市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制、擴(kuò)大扶貧貸款機(jī)構(gòu)經(jīng)營權(quán)限、下放貼息資金管理權(quán)限等，進(jìn)一步調(diào)動(dòng)了地方和金融機(jī)構(gòu)開展扶貧開發(fā)的積極性，有效改善了貧困群眾貸款難問題。

Relocating impoverished populations from environmentally unfriendly areas. The voluntary relocation of impoverished populations from areas with harsh living conditions and natural resource-poor areas is an important way to improve their living environment and development conditions. By 2010, the Chinese government had relocated 7.7 million impoverished people, effectively improving their housing, communications, power supply and other living conditions. In the process of advancing industrialization and urbanization, some impoverished areas have combined such poverty-relief relocation with the construction of county seats, central towns and industrial parks, converting cultivated land back to forests and grasslands, migration for ecological purpose, merger of villages and disaster prevention, in an effort to improve public services for these people while promoting the employment of impoverished farmers in urban areas and sectors outside agriculture.

Financial poverty reduction. Shortages in funds have always been an important factor holding back the survival and development of the poor. Since 2006, the state has tried out an experimental mutual funding program in 13,600 impoverished villages, allocating 150,000 yuan to each of the villages to support local production in line with the principles of "owned by the people, used by the people, managed by the people, enjoyed by the people, cyclical usage and spiral development," thus establishing a long-term working mechanism for the use of the fund. China has also carried out reforms in interest discounts for poverty-relief loans in an effort to guide and inspire financial institutions to grant more loans of interest discounts. From 2001 to 2010, the central government appropriated in total 5.415 billion yuan of poverty reduction funds with discount interests, and granted nearly 200 billion yuan of poverty reduction loans. The comprehensive reform of the state administrative system of poverty reduction loans in 2008, in particular, further motivated local governments and financial institutions to engage in development-oriented poverty reduction, and effectively helped needy people to get such loans by introducing the market competition mechanism, expanding the operational authority of the loan-issuing bodies, and delegating greater power to lower levels in the management of interest-discounted funds, among other measures.