開展特殊地區(qū)扶貧試點。為了解決制約貧困地區(qū)發(fā)展的突出問題，中國政府在一些特殊類型的困難地區(qū)開展了符合當(dāng)?shù)靥攸c的扶貧開發(fā)工作。在廣西壯族自治區(qū)的東蘭縣、巴馬縣、鳳山縣，集中力量開展了解決基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的大會戰(zhàn)。在四川省阿壩藏族羌族自治州，開展了扶貧開發(fā)與綜合防治大骨節(jié)病相結(jié)合的試點。在貴州省晴隆縣開展了石漠化地區(qū)的扶貧開發(fā)與生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè)相結(jié)合的試點。在新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)的阿合奇縣開展了邊境扶貧的試點。對云南省的布朗族及瑤族山瑤支系開展全面扶貧。在汶川、玉樹地震災(zāi)區(qū)，把貧困地區(qū)的防災(zāi)減災(zāi)與災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建有機(jī)結(jié)合，全面推進(jìn)災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建。通過這些試點，為因地制宜做好扶貧開發(fā)工作探索了道路，積累了經(jīng)驗。

四、行業(yè)扶貧

    貧困問題是歷史、經(jīng)濟(jì)、地理、自然等諸多因素綜合影響的結(jié)果。中國政府從貧困地區(qū)實際情況出發(fā)，堅持綜合治理原則，發(fā)揮政府各相關(guān)部門優(yōu)勢，積極開展行業(yè)扶貧工作。

Pilot projects of poverty reduction in special areas. In order to solve major problems hindering the development of poverty-stricken areas, the Chinese government carried out development-oriented poverty-relief work in some special areas in light of the local characteristics. The following are some of the examples: major infrastructure construction projects in Donglan County, Bama County and Fengshan County in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region; a pilot project combining development-oriented poverty reduction with the comprehensive prevention and control of Kaschin-Beck Disease in the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province; a pilot project combining poverty reduction with ecological construction in the rocky desert areas of Qinglong County in Guizhou Province; a pilot project of poverty reduction in the border areas of Akqi County in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; a comprehensive poverty reduction program for the Blang ethnic group and the mountain tribes of the Yao ethnic group in Yunnan Province; and the combination of post-quake reconstruction with disaster prevention and reduction of impoverished areas in the quake-stricken Wenchuan of Sichuan Province and Yushu of Qinghai Province to promote their post-quake reconstruction in an all-round way. Through these pilot projects, the state explored the paths and accumulated experience for poverty reduction work suited to local conditions.

IV. Poverty Reduction by Industries

Poverty is the result of numerous factors, including historical, economic, geographic and natural ones. The Chinese government, proceeding from the actual conditions of the poverty-stricken areas, upholds the principle of comprehensive improvement, and gives full play to the advantages of related government departments to carry out poverty reduction by industries.

    推廣農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)。圍繞貧困地區(qū)特色優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)業(yè)，采用科技承包、技物結(jié)合、典型示范等方式，推廣各類先進(jìn)實用技術(shù)，提高種養(yǎng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率。以農(nóng)村青壯年勞動力為重點對象，大規(guī)模培養(yǎng)種植養(yǎng)殖能手、致富帶頭人、農(nóng)牧民技術(shù)員、手工藝制作人才和農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化急需的企業(yè)經(jīng)營管理人員、農(nóng)民合作組織帶頭人和農(nóng)村經(jīng)紀(jì)人。

    改善貧困地區(qū)交通條件。積極推進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)(鎮(zhèn))和建制村通瀝青(水泥)路建設(shè)，滿足貧困群眾的基本出行需求。加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村公路危橋改造和安保工程建設(shè)，改善農(nóng)村公路網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀況，提高農(nóng)村公路安全水平和整體服務(wù)能力。推進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)客運站建設(shè)，加強(qiáng)口岸公路、紅色旅游公路建設(shè)，支持重要水運通道和便民內(nèi)河水運設(shè)施建設(shè)。

Promoting agricultural technology. Focusing on the specialty and competitive industries of poverty-stricken areas, the state has popularized advanced practical technologies of various types to increase the production of crop cultivation and animal, poultry and fish breeding through such means as signing of scientific and technological contracts, provision of both technological and material support, and building of demonstration models. The state also provides large-scale training in rural areas, mainly targeted at the young and middle-aged, in order to bring to the fore large numbers of good hands in farming and breeding trades, those who can lead other people to get rich, farming and animal husbandry technicians, skilled craftsmen and enterprise managerial staff badly needed for agricultural industrialization, leaders of farmers' cooperative organizations and rural agents.

Improving traffic conditions in poverty-stricken areas. Great efforts have been made to promote the construction of asphalt (cement) roads in the townships (towns) and villages that form separate administrative units to satisfy the basic needs of the poverty-stricken villagers to travel; to strengthen the renovation of unsafe road bridges and construction of safety-enhancement projects in rural areas to improve the conditions of rural highway networks and improve road safety and overall road service in rural areas; and to promote the construction of passenger terminals in townships (towns), strengthen road construction in port areas and "Red tourism" routes, and support the construction of important water-transport channels and inland waterway transport facilities that provide convenience to the local people.