發(fā)展貧困地區(qū)社會事業(yè)。建立健全農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)保障機(jī)制，加大對家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生資助力度，減輕貧困地區(qū)教育負(fù)擔(dān)。實(shí)施中西部農(nóng)村初中校舍改造工程、全國中小學(xué)校舍安全工程和農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育薄弱學(xué)校改造計(jì)劃，加強(qiáng)宿舍、食堂和必要的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，改善辦學(xué)條件。實(shí)施農(nóng)村中小學(xué)現(xiàn)代遠(yuǎn)程教育工程，促進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)和地區(qū)之間優(yōu)質(zhì)教育資源共享。加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村三級醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系建設(shè)，加強(qiáng)國家扶貧開發(fā)工作重點(diǎn)縣鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)衛(wèi)生院、村衛(wèi)生室建設(shè)。組織實(shí)施農(nóng)村訂單定向醫(yī)學(xué)生免費(fèi)培養(yǎng)項(xiàng)目，重點(diǎn)為鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)衛(wèi)生院及以下的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)培養(yǎng)衛(wèi)生人才。加大培養(yǎng)合格鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)生和接生員的力度，鼓勵(lì)醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生專業(yè)的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生到鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)衛(wèi)生院工作。進(jìn)一步加大政府對參加新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療費(fèi)用的資助力度。建立健全人口和計(jì)劃生育服務(wù)體系。全面實(shí)行農(nóng)村計(jì)劃生育家庭獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助制度，加快推進(jìn)西部地區(qū)計(jì)劃生育“少生快富”工程。加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村公共文化服務(wù)體系建設(shè)，著力建設(shè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)綜合文化站，組織開展全國文化信息資源共享工程、送書下鄉(xiāng)工程，開展廣播電視“村村通”工程、農(nóng)村電影放映工程、“農(nóng)家書屋”工程。

    加強(qiáng)貧困地區(qū)生態(tài)建設(shè)。鞏固退耕還林成果，完善補(bǔ)助政策，延長補(bǔ)助期限。實(shí)施退牧還草工程，采取封山育草、禁牧等措施，保護(hù)天然草原植被。在西藏等地開展草原生態(tài)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)補(bǔ)助試點(diǎn)。組織實(shí)施京津風(fēng)沙源治理工程，在項(xiàng)目區(qū)大力發(fā)展生態(tài)特色產(chǎn)業(yè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)生態(tài)建設(shè)與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有機(jī)結(jié)合。實(shí)施巖溶地區(qū)石漠化綜合治理工程，通過封山育林育草、人工植樹種草、發(fā)展草食畜牧業(yè)、坡改梯、小型水利水保工程，實(shí)現(xiàn)石漠化綜合治理與產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展、扶貧開發(fā)結(jié)合。實(shí)施三江源生態(tài)保護(hù)和建設(shè)工程，通過退耕還草、生態(tài)移民、鼠害防治、人工增雨等措施，加強(qiáng)長江、黃河和瀾滄江發(fā)源地的生態(tài)保護(hù)。加快完善生態(tài)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制，加大天然林保護(hù)、濕地保護(hù)與恢復(fù)、野生動(dòng)植物保護(hù)和自然保護(hù)區(qū)建設(shè)力度，維護(hù)生物多樣性。

Developing social undertakings in poverty-stricken areas. The state establishes funding mechanisms for compulsory education in rural areas, and increases subsidies to students from poor families to alleviate the burden of education on impoverished areas; implements classroom renovation project for rural junior high schools in the central and western regions, schoolhouse safety project for primary and secondary schools throughout the country and renovation project of rural schools with weak facilities to enhance the construction of dormitories, canteens and other basic infrastructural facilities and improve teaching conditions; implements modern distance education in rural primary and secondary schools to ensure the sharing of high quality educational resources between urban and rural areas and among different regions; strengthens the construction of three-tier medical service system in rural areas and the construction of township hospitals and village clinics in key counties covered in the national poverty reduction and development work; implements the project that offers free training to medical students oriented to work in rural areas, with the focus on the training of medical workers to work in hospitals at and below the township level; makes greater efforts to train qualified country doctors and midwives, and encourages graduates of medical schools to work at township-level hospitals; further increases govern-mental support to new-type rural cooperative medicare system; establishes and improves population and family planning service networks; comprehensively implements the support and rewarding system for rural households which follow the family planning policies, and promotes the family planning project in the western regions with the theme "fewer children, quicker prosperity." The state also strengthens the construction of public cultural service networks in rural areas, focuses on the building of comprehensive cultural centers in townships, and organizes the implementation of the national cultural information resource sharing, books for villages, radio and TV access to every village, rural film showing and "rural community library" projects.

Strengthening ecological construction in poverty-stricken areas. The state has made efforts to consolidate the achievements of the farmland-to-forest project, improves the subsidy policy, and extends the deadline for such subsidies; has started to implement the pastureland-to-grassland project by adopting such measures as sealing off mountains and hills for natural grass growth and banning grazing to protect the vegetation cover of natural grasslands. It has launched pilot projects in Tibet Autonomous Region and other areas to subsidize people who protect the grassland ecology; organized the implementation of the Beijing and Tianjin sandstorm source control project and made efforts to develop ecological specialty industries in project areas to realize the organic integration of ecological construction and economic development. It has taken comprehensive measures to reverse the trend of desertification in Karst areas to realize the integration of industrial development and development-oriented poverty reduction by closing off hills for the growth of trees and grass, planting trees and grass, developing herbivore animal husbandry, constructing terrace-fields on sloping land and building small hydraulic and water conservation projects.