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考研英語長難句翻譯解析 5
2021-08-13 09:22:56    etogether.net    網(wǎng)絡    


7. Unless they succeed,the yield gains of the Green Revolution will be largely lost even if the genes in legumes that equip those plants to enter into a symbiosis with nitrogen fixers are identified and isolated,and even if the transfer of those gene complexes,once they are found, becomes possible. (4) 除非他們能取得成功,不然的話,綠色革命的產(chǎn)量收益將在很大程度上損失殆盡,即使豆科植物中使這些植物有條件進入到與固氮細菌共生關系的基因可被辨識出來和分離開來的話,且即使這些基因綜合體(gene complex),一旦被發(fā)現(xiàn)之后,其移植得以成為可能的話。 

難句類型:復雜修飾、插入語 

解釋:主句比較簡單,而后面跟著的由and連接的兩個表示讓步的條件狀語從句就相對復雜,第一個從句是用一個修飾主語的定語從句that equip those plants to enter into a symbiosis with nitrogen fixers把主謂隔開;第二個從句則運用了插入語once they are found把主謂隔開。 

意群訓練:Unless they succeed,the yield gains of the Green Revolution will be largely lost even if the genes in legumes that equip those plants to enter into a symbiosis with nitrogen fixers are identified and isolated,and even if the transfer of those gene complexes,once they are found, becomes possible. 


8. Its subject(to use Maynard Mack’s categories)is "life-as-spectacle," for readers,diverted by its various incidents,observe its hero Odysseus primarily from without;the tragic Iliad,however,presents "life-as-experience":readers are asked to identify with the mind of  Achilles,whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero. (5)

其主題〔若借鑒梅納德。邁克(Maynard Mack)的兩個分類范疇的話〕是“人生作為外部景象”,因為讀者的注意力被作品那形形色色的事件所分散,主要是從外部來觀察其主人公奧德修斯(Odyssus)的;然而,富于悲劇色彩的《伊利亞特》所表現(xiàn)的則是“人生作為內心體驗”:讀者被要求與阿基琉斯(Achilles)的心靈產(chǎn)生共鳴,而其行為動機卻致使他變作一個并非特別惹人喜愛的主人公。 (從分號后的語句推理出前面的意思) 

注:hero:主人公;without:外部;likable:有吸引力的 

難句類型;復雜修飾、插入語、抽象詞、熟詞僻義

請思考:如果看不懂分號前的without的意思,是否可以用合理化原則根據(jù)分號后的那句話推理出其意思?

解釋:本句中盡管也存在一些復雜修飾和插入的內容,但是本句話之所以難懂,與其說是因為這些東西的影響,倒不如說是因為用詞的抽象和語義的難以理解。作為一篇文學評論型的文章,文章中充斥著一些很抽象的詞匯;本句話中就有subject/category/spectacle/divert/incident/hero/primarily/without/present/identify/motivation/particularly/likable等。背過這些單詞的中文釋義,并不意味著在閱讀中能夠清楚地理解其真正含義。對于抽象詞的訓練方法,請參見附錄中<閱讀抽象詞提速法>。這里僅解釋幾個對于這句話最重要的單詞: 

hero:在此不是指英雄,在文學評論型的文章當中,此單詞的意思是主人公。 

Without:在此處是一個熟詞僻義,意思是外部,等于outside。 

Likable:不可望文生義,它不是像什么東西的意思,而是有吸引力的意思,其同義詞有pleasant或attractive. 

本句中,對于理解全句起到最大影響的,就是能否正確理解without這個單詞,然而問題在于,如果不認識without的熟詞僻義,是否可用合理化原則根據(jù)分號后的那句話推理出其意思?根據(jù)緊跟著分別的however,我們可以推斷出分號前后的兩句話所說的內容截然相反,因此可以從I戲劇的描述中推出,without的意思應該是不去認同其主人公的內心世界。 

意群訓練:Its subject(to use Maynard Mack’s categories)is "life-as-spectacle," for readers,  diverted by its various incidents,observe its hero Odysseus primarily from without;the tragic Iliad,however,presents "life-as-experience":readers are asked to identify with the mind of  Achilles,whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero. 


9. Most striking among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish is eye placement: before maturity one eye migrates,so that in an adult flatfish both eyes are on the same side of the head. (3+)在一條成年比目魚身上顯著存在的諸多不對稱(asymmetry)特征中,最為吸人注目的是眼睛的擺位:在成年之前,一只眼睛發(fā)生移動,因此在成年比目魚身上,兩只眼睛均位于頭部的同一側面。

難句類型:倒裝、省略 

解釋:本句的倒裝本質上與我們早就的一種倒裝結構是一樣的,即形容詞放在句首時,主語和謂語倒裝。本句的主干的正常語序應該是:Eye placement is most striking;倒裝后成了Most striking is eye placement。但是這種倒裝在GRE考試中出現(xiàn),又有了新的特色,被提到句首的Most striking被長長的狀語among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish與后面的主語和表語分開,造成閱讀困難。

意群訓練:Most striking among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish is eye placement: before maturity one eye migrates,so that in an adult flatfish both eyes are on the same side of the head.


10. A critique of Handlin’s interpretation of why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660’s suggests that assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined , and that explanations for the different treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded .(4) 

一個對于H的關于為何法律上的奴隸制沒有在17世紀60年代以前出現(xiàn)的原因所作解釋的批評顯示,關于奴隸制和種族偏見之間的關系的假說應當重新檢查,而且顯示出,對于在北美和南美之間的對黑怒的不同處理的解釋應當被擴展。 

難句類型:復雜修飾、省略

解釋:句子的主干清楚:A critique suggests that…, and suggests that…。但是因為句子的結構復雜、修飾成分多,再加上后面的and 之后的suggests被省略,所以句子的結構很難被讀出來的。 

本句的suggest不再是暗示,而是顯示、說明的意思,其同義詞有point,indicate,imply。本句的兩個suggest之后的賓語從句都根據(jù)語法要求使用了虛擬語氣。 

意群訓練:A critique of Handlin’s interpretation of why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660’s suggests that assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined , and that explanations for the different treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded . 


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