隨著國家經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展，中國國防費保持適度合理增長。2008年和2009年，中國國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值分別為314045億元人民幣和340903億元人民幣。國家財政支出分別為62592.66億元人民幣和76299.93億元人民幣，分別比上年增長25.7％和21.9％。2008年和2009年，中國年度國防費分別為4178.76億元人民幣和4951.10億元人民幣，分別比上年增長17.5％和18.5％。近年來，中國年度國防費占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的比重相對穩(wěn)定，占國家財政支出的比重略有下降。
中國國防費主要由人員生活費、訓(xùn)練維持費和裝備費3部分組成，各部分大體各占三分之一。人員生活費用于軍官、文職干部、士兵和聘用人員的工資津貼、住房保險、伙食被裝等。訓(xùn)練維持費用于部隊訓(xùn)練、院校教育、工程設(shè)施建設(shè)維護以及其他日常消耗性支出。裝備費用于武器裝備的研究、試驗、采購、維修、運輸和儲存等。國防費的保障范圍包括現(xiàn)役部隊、預(yù)備役部隊和民兵，同時也負擔部分退役軍人、軍人配偶生活及子女教育、支援國家和地方經(jīng)濟建設(shè)等社會性支出。
With the development of national economy and society, the increase of China's defense expenditure has been kept at a reasonable and appropriate level. China's GDP was RMB31,404.5 billion in 2008 and RMB34,090.3 billion in 2009. State financial expenditure was RMB6,259.266 billion in 2008 and RMB7,629.993 billion in 2009, up 25.7 percent and 21.9 percent respectively over the previous year. China's defense expenditure was RMB417.876 billion in 2008 and RMB495.11 billion in 2009, up 17.5 percent and 18.5 percent respectively over the previous year. In recent years, the share of China's annual defense expenditure in its GDP has remained relatively steady, while that in overall state financial expenditure has been moderately decreased.
China's defense expenditure mainly comprises expenses for personnel, training and maintenance, and equipment, with each accounting for roughly one third of the total. Personnel expenses mainly cover salaries, allowances, housing, insurance, food, bedding and clothing for officers, non-ranking officers, enlisted men and contracted civilians. Training and maintenance expenses mainly cover troop training, institutional education, construction and maintenance of installations and facilities, and other expenses on routine consumables. Equipment expenses mainly cover R&D, experimentation, procurement, maintenance, transportation and storage of weaponry and equipment. Defense expenditure covers costs to support the active forces, reserve forces, and militia. It also covers part of the costs to support retired servicemen, servicemen's spouses, and education of servicemen's children, as well as national and local economic development and other social expenses.
(Table 1: China's Defense Expenditure in 2009)
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