考題實(shí)例:Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introd
考題實(shí)例:Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. (2000)
大眾通訊的顯著發(fā)展使各地的人們不斷感到有新的需求,不斷接觸到新的習(xí)俗和思想,由于上述原因,政府常常得推出更多的革新。
長句 拆分 被動
考題實(shí)例:In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization-with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed- was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. (2000)
在先期實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的歐洲國家中,其工業(yè)化進(jìn)程及隨之而來的各種深刻的社會結(jié)構(gòu)變革,持續(xù)了大約一個(gè)世紀(jì)之久,而如今一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家在十年左右就可能完成這個(gè)過程。
考試由于時(shí)間的限制,一般不允許有太長的句子翻譯。不過,相對而言有些考題要長一些,文句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)一些,因此翻譯的雜難度也較大。請看下面一道英譯漢原題。
Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team.
此題涉及被動語態(tài)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)、定語從句以及名詞的數(shù)等翻譯技巧。
經(jīng)過增詞、轉(zhuǎn)換、結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和句子切分,我們便可將以上3部分串在一起,得出以下譯文。
參考譯文:1998年世界杯被捧走以后很久,失望的球迷們還在咒罵那些有爭議的裁定,這些裁定剝奪了他們所支持的球隊(duì)獲勝的機(jī)會。
或:1998年世界杯結(jié)束很久之后,失望的球迷們?nèi)栽谥淞R那些有爭議的球場裁決,這些裁決使他們心目中的強(qiáng)隊(duì)(或:他們?yōu)橹畢群爸那蜿?duì))喪失了獲勝的機(jī)會。(或:與世界杯失之交臂。)
II. 英譯漢長句翻譯的基本方法技巧
英譯漢長句翻譯的關(guān)鍵在于兩點(diǎn):一是對原文的準(zhǔn)確理解,二是恰如其分的表達(dá)。理解階段可分為3個(gè)步驟:1.扼要擬出全句的主要輪廓;2.辨清該句的主從結(jié)構(gòu),并根據(jù)上下文領(lǐng)會全句的要旨;3.找出句與句之間的從屬關(guān)系,理清每句原文的意思。表達(dá)可分為2個(gè)步驟進(jìn)行:1.試將每個(gè)劃開的單句逐一翻譯;2.將譯出的句子進(jìn)行調(diào)整、組合,對譯文作加工潤色。
最常見的長句處理方法是化整為零,分散解決。此外,還有拆譯法、插入標(biāo)點(diǎn)法、重組法等。對于譯者來說,最重要的問題是怎樣把握好譯文的要點(diǎn),安排好譯文的框架結(jié)構(gòu),形成準(zhǔn)確、通順的譯文。除了準(zhǔn)確理解原文之外,譯文的成功與否很大程度上取決于譯者的母語的駕馭能力以及對翻譯技巧的靈活運(yùn)用。
1. 切分法
切分法為翻譯英語長句的最常見的方法,將英語長句按意群切分為若干小句再逐句翻譯。
1) Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.
人類把自己和其他動物區(qū)別開來。與此同時(shí),人類還具有觀察和了解周圍環(huán)境的能力。他們要么適應(yīng)環(huán)境,要么控制環(huán)境,或根據(jù)自身的需要改造環(huán)境。人類就這樣一代代地生存下來。
2) Plastics is made from water which is a natural resource inexhaustible and available everywhere, coal which can be mined through automatic and mechanical processes at less cost and lime which can be obtained from the calcination of limestone widely present in nature.
塑料是由水、煤和石灰制成的。水是取之不盡的到處可以獲得的天然資源;煤是用自動化和機(jī)械化的方法開采的,成本較低;石灰是由煅燒自然界中廣泛存在的石灰石得來的。
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