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口譯邏輯線索及信息整合
2017-02-27 10:13:37    etogether.net    網(wǎng)絡(luò)    

 

這是發(fā)言人在開頭講的一段話,像大多數(shù)英語發(fā)言一樣,語段中有清晰的話語線索(如斜體所標(biāo)注)。借助這些邏輯線索的指引,我們可以清楚地理解發(fā)言人整個(gè)發(fā)言的結(jié)構(gòu)。在發(fā)言人進(jìn)行主體發(fā)言的過程中,我們往往還會(huì)聽到如下的話語線索:
 
在發(fā)言人描述完歐洲的現(xiàn)狀后,他/她可能會(huì)說:“That's all I have to say about Europe. Let's turn now to Asia.”
在發(fā)言人介紹完非洲的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)后,他/她可能會(huì)說:“Well,we've looked at the three continents: Europe, Asia and Africa. I'd like to sum up now.”
 
根據(jù)話語線索的不同功能,我們可以把英語發(fā)言中常見的話語線索歸類總結(jié)如下:
1)Introducing the subject: I'd like to start by... /Let's begin by... /First of all, I'll... /Starting with... /I'll begin by...
2) Finishing one subject: Well,I,ve told you about... /That’s all I have to say about... /We’ve looked at... /So much for...
3) Starting another subject: Now we'll move on to... /Let me turn now to... /Next... /Turning to... /I'd like now to discuss... /Let’s look at...now
4) Analyzing a point: Where does that lead us?... /Let's consider this in more detail... / What does this mean for...?
5) Giving an example: For example,... /A good example of this is... /As an illustration,... /To give you an example,... /To illustrate this point...
6)Sequencing: Firstly...secondly...thirdly...lastly... /First of all...then...next...after that...finally... /To start with...later...to finish up...
7)Summarizing and concluding: In conclusion, ... /OK, let's sum up, ... /I'd like now to recap... /Let's summarize briefly what we've looked at... /Finally, let me remind you of some of the issues we've covered... /If I can just sum up the main points...
 
3)語篇屮的邏鉺線索
 
在口譯的聽辨理解、口譯記憶以及筆記的過程中,我們都要緊跟發(fā)言人的思路,語篇中的邏輯線索正是發(fā)言人思路的標(biāo)志。邏輯線索有時(shí)間、順序、因果、對(duì)比等。
 
邏輯線索的常見標(biāo)志是邏輯聯(lián)系詞的使用。表示因果關(guān)系的邏輯線索詞有 “therefore, so, consequently, as a result, due to, owing to,as, since, because” 等。當(dāng)然,即使是表示同一類邏輯聯(lián)系的間,在不同的語境中表示的邏輯關(guān)系也可能有所不同。以對(duì)比關(guān)系為例:
 
例 1:The strong mark may not be good for our exports,but it holds down inflation.
本例中發(fā)言人使用的是“but”這一表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的邏輯線索詞,表示的 含義是在兩者之間做出選擇(alternatives)。
例 2: You claim that you have export problems, but our figures reveal a different situation.
本例中發(fā)言人同樣使用了 “but”這一表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的邏輯線索詞,但表示的含義與例1不同,此處表示兩者相互矛盾(contradiction)。
例 3 : Certain countries apply a strict monetary policy, whereas others feel it more important to stimulate the economy.
本例屮發(fā)言人使用的是“whereas”這一表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的邏輯線索詞,表 示的含義是兩者的對(duì)比(contrast)。
例 4: This is a very serious proposal. However I think that we should...
本例屮發(fā)言人使用的是“however”這一表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的邏輯線索詞,表 示的含義是對(duì)前者的弱化(attenuation)。
 

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