這個世界每天都在變化。世界正在不斷地調(diào)整自己。變化是當(dāng)今最流行的字眼。我們正處在一個從工業(yè)化社會向服務(wù)和信息社會的轉(zhuǎn)軌過程之中。
同樣，中國也在發(fā)生變化，也在調(diào)整自己。中國正處在建立和完善社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制的改革進程中。中國社會正在改革中變化，在變化中進行改革。中國社會的變化，使許多問題得到了解決，但一些新的問題也隨之產(chǎn)生了。其中有6個問題對我們的現(xiàn)在乃至未來的影響最大。
This world changes every day, and is in constant readjustment of itself. Change is the most popular word today. We are in the process of changing from the industrial society to a service and information society.
Likewise, China is changing and readjusting itself. China is in the process of reforming itself, establishing and improving a socialist market economy. The Chinese society is changing in the process of reforming and reforming in the process of change. During this process, many problems have been resolved and meanwhile new problems have surfaced, among which the following six problems, in particular, are exerting the heaviest impact on China today and possibly on China tomorrow.
1. 人口老齡化問題。老人和高齡老人的數(shù)量在增加，兒童在總?cè)丝谥兴嫉谋壤诮档停绕涫浅鞘袃和谋壤陆档酶?。這將影響我國的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，威脅我國的保健制度、退休制度以及其他一些福利制度的健康發(fā)展。
2. 就業(yè)問題。不斷推行的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整限制了就業(yè)。服務(wù)性行業(yè)的增加，高技術(shù)勞動力需求的不斷增長，國內(nèi)外日益加劇的競爭壓力，農(nóng)村人口大量流入城市，所有這些都對現(xiàn)階段以及未來的就業(yè)，對全面提高生活水平，構(gòu)成了嚴(yán)重的威脅。
3. 家庭和兒童問題。我國離婚率相對上升，整整一代青年人在獨生子女家庭的環(huán)境中成長，人們頻繁地進行職業(yè)變動和居住地變動，這些都給家庭和兒童造成了威脅。
1. The aging of the population. The population of senior citizens is climbing, while the proportion of children - particularly
urban children - in the whole Chinese population is declining. This will obstruct the development of our national economy, and threaten the sound development of our health care system, retirement system and other welfare systems.
2. Employment problems. The continuous industrial restructuring places a stricter requirement on the entry into new jobs as well as on employees' vocational qualifications. The growth of the service sector, the increasing demand for skilled workers, the pressure resulting from the intensifying competition at home and abroad, the problems resulting from the rural population migrating into cities, all pose a grave threat to the employment prospects at present and in the future, as well as to an overall improvement of the lives of the people.
3. Problems threatening families and children. The relative growth of divorce rate, a whole generation of youngsters growing up with the one-child-family background, people's frequent changes of their jobs and residences, etc., all these combine to pose problems for the health of families and children.
4. 傳統(tǒng)社會價值觀的沖擊問題。中國社會中的拜金主義、自我關(guān)注日益增多，對公益事業(yè)淡漠，這些現(xiàn)象使我國許多傳統(tǒng)美德受到了沖擊。
5. 生育率不平衡的問題。我國的人口生育率已從1990年的2.29下降到了目前的更替水平以下的程度。但是，由于目前我國的低生育水平是在生產(chǎn)力不發(fā)達、社會保障體系不健全的背景下實現(xiàn)的，因此不同地區(qū)的生育水平存在著差異性和不穩(wěn)定性，出生人口性別不平衡的情況也在不斷加劇。
6. 貧困地區(qū)的婦女受教育的問題。由于種種原因，貧困地區(qū)的許多婦女所受教育的水平比較低，從而影響了國民整體受教育水平的提高。
4. Challenges to the influence of traditional social values. The phenomenon of money worship and obsession in our society, a growing concern with one's own interests and neglect of public welfare exert a negative impact on people's attitude towards many Chinese traditional virtues.
5. Problems arising from the unbalanced fertility situation. The fertility level in China has been steadily declining with its TFR
dropping from 2. 29 in 1990 to the present replacement level and even lower than that. Because the present low fertility level in China is realized under the circumstances of relatively low productivity and incomplete social security system, disparities and instability exist in fertility level between different regions and areas and the unbalanced sex ratio between male and female newborn babies is deteriorating.
6. Insufficient education for women in economically underdeveloped areas. For various reasons, many women in the impoverished areas receive lower education than their counterparts, thus exerting a negative influence on efforts of raising the entire national educational level.
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