the Qing emperors 清朝歷代皇帝 

the Johnsons約翰遜一家

例5 The lion is the king of animals. 

獅子是百獸之王。

例6 Automobile factories were closing down in early 1961.

1961年初，汽車エ廠紛紛倒閉。

例7 The roofs of this pagoda are constructed of coloured glazed tiles of yellows and

greens.

塔頂鋪的是濃淡不一的黃色和綠色琥璃瓦。

例8 In its second year on top (of Fortune 500)，Wal-Mart has thus done more than

retain its title as king of the mountain ( or mountains，now that it stands atop FORTUNE's Most Admired Companies list too).

這是它第二年（在《財富》500強排行榜上）獨占鰲頭，從而不僅僅保住了一山之主的稱號（或者叫二山之主，因為它在《財富》雜志評選的“最受贊賞的公司”名單上也名列第一）。

英語語序的變化也會產(chǎn)生一定的額外含義，如表示原因、條件或強調(diào)等，適當增詞即可再現(xiàn)這層由結(jié)構(gòu)變化產(chǎn)生的含義。

3. 補足語言結(jié)構(gòu)

翻譯中的增詞，有時是出于漢語搭配習慣的考慮，目的是使譯文句子的結(jié)構(gòu)得更加完整、達意。如：

例9 There were no speeches，no foreign diplomats，no“ordinary people ” with

paper flags and bouquets of flowers.

沒有人發(fā)表講話，沒有各國外交官到場，也沒有“老百姓”揮舞紙旗和花束的場面。

例10 Often, however, tariffs are protective and are designed to carry out a particular

economic policy.

然而，關(guān)稅經(jīng)常具有保護性質(zhì)，并用以貫徹一項具體的經(jīng)濟政策。