四、中國積極推動(dòng)更高水平對(duì)外開放
中國的對(duì)外開放不會(huì)止步于履行加入世貿(mào)組織承諾。面對(duì)洶涌澎湃但又充滿曲折的經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化，中國順應(yīng)時(shí)代發(fā)展潮流和世界發(fā)展大勢，堅(jiān)定不移擴(kuò)大對(duì)外開放，不斷創(chuàng)造更全面、更深入、更多元的對(duì)外開放格局，實(shí)現(xiàn)更廣泛的互利共贏。
?。ㄒ唬┐龠M(jìn)貿(mào)易平衡發(fā)展
IV. China Is Actively Advancing Opening-Up to a Higher Level
Fulfilling China’s WTO commitments has never been the end point of its opening-up. In the face of the overwhelming trend of economic globalization and its winding path, China keeps pace with the times, takes firm steps to expand opening-up, and makes continuous efforts to open up in a more comprehensive, profound and diversified way, with a view to achieving greater mutual benefit and win-win outcomes.
1. Promoting balanced development of trade
中國的貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)略宗旨是互利共贏、多元平衡。中國注重提升出口質(zhì)量和附加值，積極擴(kuò)大進(jìn)口，更好融入全球價(jià)值鏈。中國不刻意追求貨物貿(mào)易順差，客觀看待目前服務(wù)貿(mào)易存在的逆差，支持有利于豐富市場供給、有利于提升人民生活品質(zhì)、有利于促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)的進(jìn)口。在全面履行加入承諾的基礎(chǔ)上，中國近年來又多次以暫定稅率方式大幅自主降低進(jìn)口關(guān)稅稅率。根據(jù)世貿(mào)組織統(tǒng)計(jì)，2015年中國的貿(mào)易加權(quán)平均關(guān)稅已降至4.4%，與美國、歐盟等發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體相差1.5－2個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。截至2017年底，已調(diào)減900多個(gè)稅目產(chǎn)品的稅率。在博鰲亞洲論壇2018年年會(huì)上，中國宣布將進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大降稅范圍，努力增加人民群眾需求比較集中的特色優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)品進(jìn)口。
?。ǘ┨岣哔Q(mào)易便利化水平
China pursues a trade strategy of mutual benefit, win-win, diversification and balanced development. It endeavors to raise the quality and added-value of its exports, proactively increase imports, and better integrate into the global value chains. China never deliberately pursues trade surplus in goods. At the same time, China takes an objective view towards existing trade deficit in services. The country always welcomes imports that diversify market supply, improve people’s quality of life, and upgrade its industrial structure. In recent years, on top of its commitments to the WTO, China has self-initiated significant reductions to import tariffs on an interim basis for multiple times. According to the WTO, China’s trade-weighted average import tariff rate had fallen to 4.4 percent in 2015, only 1.5 to 2 percentage points higher than those of developed economies such as the US and the EU. By the end of 2017, China had reduced tariffs on more than 900 tariff lines. At the 2018 Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference, China announced plans to further reduce import tariffs and to import more high-quality, distinctive products that meet the strong demand of the Chinese people.
2. Facilitating international trade
世貿(mào)組織《貿(mào)易便利化協(xié)定》實(shí)施一年多以來，中國貿(mào)易便利化水平顯著提升。目前，中國海關(guān)進(jìn)口貨物平均通關(guān)時(shí)間縮短至20小時(shí)以內(nèi)，出口貨物平均通關(guān)時(shí)間不到2小時(shí)。中國加快推進(jìn)國際貿(mào)易“單一窗口”建設(shè)和推廣。截至2017年底，中國國際貿(mào)易“單一窗口”已與11個(gè)口岸管理相關(guān)部門對(duì)接，基本覆蓋大通關(guān)主要流程，實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)一點(diǎn)接入、一次提交、一次查驗(yàn)、一鍵跟蹤、一站辦理，加速了口岸治理體系現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)進(jìn)程。中國將繼續(xù)優(yōu)化監(jiān)管方式方法，改革口岸管理體制，進(jìn)一步壓縮進(jìn)出口環(huán)節(jié)和成本，不斷優(yōu)化口岸營商環(huán)境。
?。ㄈ┐蠓艑捦馍掏顿Y準(zhǔn)入
China’s efforts to implement the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement, which entered into force in February 2017, have resulted in impressive improvement in China’s trade facilitation. The average time for customs clearance has been reduced to less than 20 hours for imports and less than two hours for exports. China has accelerated the establishment of a single window for international trade. By the end of 2017, the China International Trade Single Window had been connected to 11 authorities and agencies responsible for border control and covered basically all major import and export procedures. This one-stop system enables traders to use a single entry point to declare freight and taxes with a single submission of documents, and track the results after a single joint inspection by the participating authorities. It has accelerated the modernization of China’s port management. China will further optimize supervision and management approaches, reform port administration regime and streamline procedures and reduce costs for import and export, to create a more business-friendly environment at the port.
3. Substantially widening market access for foreign investment
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